Electrical Energy Large-Scale Storage, A Possible Application in the Russian Federation

Abstract

There are many solutions for storing energy, they can be either mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrochemical or electrical. In a context of smart-grid and micro-grid development, it is necessary to be able to store electrical energy at various points in the network: at the source for intermittent resources, in the network itself to have reserves to ensure exploitation and in consumption areas. Each solution is more or less relevant depending on the storage needs in terms of both power and energy. The evolution of electricity demand in the Russian Federation is a good example to illustrate this issue, especially since it is now planned that all new construction will have an energy storage system, so as to contribute to a better overall exploitation of the network. For intermediate storage, on the network, there is definite potential thanks to the old mines, in particular, that can be developed to store energy in the form of compressed air. In high consumption sites, it is also possible to use storage in the form of large energy banks made up of batteries.

The Electrification of Ships Using the Northern Sea Route: An Approach

“…Kostin et al [38] assessed how much energy can be obtained from wind power and solar radiation in the North of the Russian Federation. Savard et al [39] mapped the maximum cumulative annual energy production potential per hectare (Figure 3) for the North of the Russian Federation. The map also shows in dark green the ice limits recorded in recent years in summer in the Arctic Sea [40].…”

“…Map illustrating the average potential for electricity generation in mega wattheure from renewable sources per hectare and per year[39], the main Arctics ports and the natural parks.…”