Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

Dunn, Bruce; Kamath, H. Ravishankar; Tarascon, J. M.

doi:10.1126/science.1212741

Cited by 12,784 publications

(7,954 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been demonstrated to be the most appropriate energy storage devices for large‐scale energy storage owing to their high energy density and long cycle life 1, 2. As the most widely commercialized anode material, the graphite anode suffers from several disadvantages, for instance, severe irreversible lithium dendrites, poor high rate charge capability, formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and serious safety issues 3, 4, 5, 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Density Microporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Microbars with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Tang

Wang

et al. 2017

Advanced Science

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Nanosized Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) materials enabling high rate performance suffer from a large specific surface area and low tap density lowering the cycle life and practical energy density. Microsized LTO materials have high density which generally compromises their rate capability. Aiming at combining the favorable nano and micro size properties, a facile method to synthesize LTO microbars with micropores created by ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as a template is presented. The compact LTO microbars are in situ grown by spinel LTO nanocrystals. The as‐prepared LTO microbars have a very small specific surface area (6.11 m2 g−1) combined with a high ionic conductivity (5.53 × 10−12 cm−2 s−1) and large tap densities (1.20 g cm−3), responsible for their exceptionally stable long‐term cyclic performance and superior rate properties. The specific capacity reaches 141.0 and 129.3 mAh g−1 at the current rate of 10 and 30 C, respectively. The capacity retention is as high as 94.0% and 83.3% after 500 and 1000 cycles at 10 C. This work demonstrates that, in situ creating micropores in microsized LTO using NH4HCO3 not only facilitates a high LTO tap density, to enhance the volumetric energy density, but also provides abundant Li‐ion transportation channels enabling high rate performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Density Microporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Microbars with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Tang

Wang

et al. 2017

Advanced Science

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“…According to the Electric Power Research Institute, the present ESSs are dominated by different pumped‐storage hydroelectricity systems worldwide; however, they have serious geographical limitations to apply in general cases 3. Rechargeable batteries, among others, are considered to have a great potential as a viable alternative due to a large number of advantages such as the high energy conversion efficiency, long cycle life, and relative ease to control over the storage and release of energy 4, 5. However, further optimizations of the existing battery systems are required.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of the Interfacial Charge and Mass Transfer during Intercalation of Alkali Metal Cations

et al. 2016

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“…[1][2][3][4] However, lithium, the primary ingredient in LIBs, is a rare metal element and most easily www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com which could overcome the drawbacks of the conventional fabrication processes. Moreover, flexible electrodes can make SIBs ultrathin, lightweight, flexible, and bendable, which can drive the rapid development of flexible electronics and devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electrodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2017

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accessible lithium reserves are in remote or in politically sensitive areas. [5] This fact should sound the alarm for the expanded application of LIBs, because the increasing demand for LIBs could cause the price of lithium to skyrocket. It is even predicted that the world will run out of lithium supplies in the foreseeable future. [6][7][8] It is well known that sodium resources are more abundant (abundance: 23.6 × 10 3 mg kg −1 vs 20 mg kg −1 ) and vast (for example, the United States alone possesses 23 billion tons of soda ash which is a sodium-containing precursor) than lithium analog. Additionally, the trona (about $135-165 per ton), which could be used to produce sodium carbonate, has much lower cost than lithium carbonate (about $5000 per ton in 2010). [9,10] These two features endow SIBs with fascinating advantages for large-scale EES applications in the near future. Without doubt, SIBs also face big challenges: performance improvement and technological innovation. Although sodium has similar physical and chemical properties to lithium, the larger ionic radius of sodium ions compared with that of lithium ions restricts the insertion and extraction of sodium ions from the host materials commonly explored for LIBs. To address this problem, optimizing the chemical composition, tailoring the lattice structures, and regulating the morphologies of the host materials seem to be the most applicable strategies, and there have already been several excellent reviews. [11][12][13][14][15][16] As for technological innovation, the traditional fabrication processes mainly based on the slurrycasting method not only make SIBs typically rigid, thick, bulky, and heavy, but also reduce the overall volumetric/gravimetric energy density of the electrode. In the traditional slurry-casting method, the binders are insulating and electrochemically inactive, which can not only decrease the electrical conductivity, but also has a detrimental effect on the cycling stability resulting from some side effects between the electrolyte and inactive materials. In addition, the heavy weight of the binders, conductive additives and current collectors also reduces the volumetric/ gravimetric energy density of the overall electrode. Therefore, to enhance the battery performance and simplify the preparation process, the traditional slurry-casting method should be improved or even replaced; in other words, avoiding the use of binder, conductive additive, and metal current collector.In contrast, flexible electrodes are usually made from various active materials built on flexible conductive substrates without binder, conductive additive, and even metal current collector, Sodium-Ion Batteries

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Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

Cited by 12,784 publications

References 44 publications

High‐Density Microporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Microbars with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

High‐Density Microporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Microbars with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

The Mechanism of the Interfacial Charge and Mass Transfer during Intercalation of Alkali Metal Cations

Flexible Electrodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives

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Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

Cited by 12,784 publications

References 44 publications

High‐Density Microporous Li4Ti5O12 Microbars with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

High‐Density Microporous Li4Ti5O12 Microbars with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

The Mechanism of the Interfacial Charge and Mass Transfer during Intercalation of Alkali Metal Cations

Flexible Electrodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives

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Product

Resources

About

High‐Density Microporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Microbars with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

High‐Density Microporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Microbars with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries