Electrical Energy Storage Sizing and Space Requirements for Sub-Daily Autonomy in Residential Buildings

Abstract

This paper studies the architectural implications, in terms of size and space requirements, of battery technologies in a built environment using renewable energy and energy storage technologies. These aspects will be of particular interest as the world transitions to a low carbon future. This paper is the first to focus on the physical size of storage systems required to provide particular storage characteristics. The research used a quantitative case study methodology and focused on the investigation of nine battery technologies based on potential technology and energy consumption scenarios in 2030. Different residential building scales at a local distribution scale are explored considering sub-daily autonomy periods. Four case studies in a 2030 scenario are presented. For each case study, the nominal capacity, spatial requirements and costs are assessed for each technology. A schematic characterisation of the technologies was derived considering their suitability across these aspects as well as their applicability at different scales. The study showed that the architectural implications of the spatial and structural requirements are significant in some cases and negligible in others, with Li-ion and Zn-air technologies having minimal space requirements.

A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Integrating an Intelligent Home Energy Management System with a Vehicle-to-Home Unit

“…Studies have indicated that each EV battery can store up to 5-40 kWh of energy [27], which is not only used for travelling. It can also be used for V2H, V2B, and V2G applications.…”