Electrical properties and fluctuation induced conductivity studies of Bi-based superconductors added by CuS nanoparticles synthesized through the aqueous route

Fluctuation induced conductivity and pseudogap state studies of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ superconductor added with ZnO nanoparticles

“…In this region, the fluctuation induced conductivity reduces sharply with λ SW ≈ 3 (Table 1 ). Also, the characteristic wavelength of the order parameter becomes comparable to the coherence length order 7 . These behaviors are related to the variation in the density of carriers or the band structures in the Fermi surface, where both of them have a major influence on the change in the order parameter 70 , 71 .…”

“…These electron pairs lose the long-range coherence needed for superconductivity. By further temperature decreasing, the number of formed electron pairs improves until achieved the mean-field critical temperature , where all conducting electrons are paired and act in correlation 7 . As shown in Fig.…”

“…The short coherence length, high anisotropy, and low density of carriers in the HTS materials lead to a progressive deviation of the resistivity ρ(T) curve from the linear metallic-like behavior in the normal state, at a representative temperature T* > T c . This deviation is followed by a considerable rounding that is observed above the transition temperature T c 6 , 7 . This deviation from linear behavior indicates thermal fluctuations of Cooper-pairs.…”

“…These nano-structure phases can work as prominent flux trapping centers to stop the vortex motion. It has been observed that the addition of suitable amounts of nanostructures to the HTS materials could improve the microstructure, intergranular coupling, flux pining capability, and other superconducting properties of these compounds 6 , 7 , 10 , 61 – 63 . Since the size of nanoparticles is lower than the penetration depth λ pd and higher than the coherence length ξ, it can lead to a strong interaction between the nanoparticles and flux line network and consequently improved the flux pining capability 64 .…”

“…Since the size of nanoparticles is lower than the penetration depth λ pd and higher than the coherence length ξ, it can lead to a strong interaction between the nanoparticles and flux line network and consequently improved the flux pining capability 64 . There are some reports on the investigation of the effects of different nanoparticles addition on the superconducting properties of the (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase 7 , 15 , 16 , 54 , 65 .…”