Electrical Resistivity Measurements for Nondestructive Evaluation of Chloride-Induced Deterioration of Reinforced Concrete—A Review

Abstract

The objective of this study is to review, evaluate, and compare the existing research and practices on electrical resistivity as a nondestructive technique in evaluating chloride-induced deterioration of reinforced concrete elements in buildings and civil infrastructure systems. First, this paper summarizes the different measurement techniques for gathering electrical resistivity (ER) values on concrete. Second, comparison analyses are performed to review the correlation of ER to different parameters representing corrosive environment and activity of steel corrosion in concrete, such as degree of water saturation, chloride penetration and diffusivity, and corrosion rate. In addition, this research enumerates and individually discusses the different environmental and interference factors that are not related to the electrochemical process of steel corrosion in concrete but directly affect the ER measurements, including temperature, the presence of steel reinforcement, cracks and delamination defects, specimen geometry, and concrete composition. Lastly and most importantly, discussions are made to determine the current gap of knowledge, to improve the utilization of this method in field and laboratory measurements, and future research.

Developing a Fuzzy Expert System for Diagnosing Chemical Deterioration in Reinforced Concrete Structures

“…The review highlighted the advantages and limitations of electrical resistivity as a nondestructive evaluation method and emphasized its potential for assessing the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The findings contribute to the understanding and development of effective monitoring and maintenance strategies for chloride-induced deterioration [9]. The deterioration of an industrial reinforced concrete structure exposed to high temperatures and dry-wet cycles was investigated by Liu et al [10].…”

“…The study provides a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners involved in the design, construction, and maintenance of marine concrete structures, offering insights and guidance for ensuring long-term performance and resilience [8]. Robles et al [9] conducted a comprehensive review on the use of electrical resistivity measurements for the nondestructive evaluation of chloride-induced deterioration in reinforced concrete. The authors focused on the assessment of concrete's resistance to chloride ingress, which is a major cause of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures.…”

A Systematic Review of Advanced Sensor Technologies for Non-Destructive Testing and Structural Health Monitoring

“…These methods include (1) X-ray Testing, (2) Gamma Ray Testing, (3) Neutron Radiography, (4) Radiographic Testing, and (5) Neutron Moisture Gauge Testing. Electrical and Electrochemical Methods [ 132 , 133 ]: In electrical methods, electricity is applied to an element resulting in a net flow of alternating or direct current throughout the element, while during electrochemical testing, an element’s electrochemical potentials are measured using a reference cell. These methods include (1) Corrosion Current, (2) Electrical Conductivity, (3) Corrosion Half-Cell Potential, (4) Capacitive/Resistive Humidity Sensors, and (5) Alternating Current Field Measurement.…”

Çelik Lifli Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Betonun Mekanik Özellikleri ve Dayanıklılığı

“…Eğilme momentinin değeri, mesnetler arasındaki açıklığa ve açıklığa etki eden yükün büyüklüğüne bağlıdır. Eğilme momentinin etkisi alında elemanlarda çekme ve basınç gerilmeleri oluşmaktadır [49].…”