Electrically conductive polymer composites for smart flexible strain sensors: a critical review

Liu, Hu; Li, Qianming; Zhang, Shuaidi; Yin, Rui; Liu, Xianhu; He, Yuxin; Dai, Kun; Shan, Chongxin; Guo, Jiang; Liu, Chuntai; Shen, Changyu; Wang, Xiaojing; Wang, Ning; Wang, Zicheng; Wei, Renbo; Guo, Zhanhu

doi:10.1039/c8tc04079f

Cited by 593 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…Conductive polymer blends with improved biodegradability, such as polycaprolactone (PCL)/polypyrrole (PPY), have been synthesized and exploited for the fabrication of bioelectronic devices such as electrical resonator circuit . Hence, conductive polymer–based materials have been demonstrated to have wide applications, ranging from the flexible electronics, biomedical applications, smart textiles, to thermoelectric materials …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Transport in Conductive Polymer–Based Materials

Zhou

Chen

2019

Adv Funct Materials

162

106

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The demand for flexible conductive materials has motivated many recent studies on conductive polymer–based materials. However, the thermal conductivity of conductive polymers is relatively low, which may lead to serious heat dissipation problems for device applications. This review provides a summary of the fundamental principles for thermal transport in conductive polymers and their composites, and recent advancements in regulating their thermal conductivity. The thermal transport mechanisms in conductive polymer–based materials and up‐to‐date experimental approaches for measuring thermal conductivity are first summarized. Effective approaches for the regulation of thermal conductivity are then discussed. Finally, thermal‐related applications and future perspectives are given for conductive polymers and their composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Transport in Conductive Polymer–Based Materials

Zhou

Chen

2019

Adv Funct Materials

162

106

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“…Conductive fillers distributed on 3D hierarchical structure of CPHs can provide a low‐density percolated network, which is beneficial to improving conductivity and sensitivity. Khalili et al . fabricated a pressure sensor based on PPy hydrogel with incorporated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) [Fig.…”

Section: Applications In Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of conductive polymer hydrogels and their application in sensors

Guo

Pan

et al. 2019

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs), which combine the unique advantages of hydrogels and organic conductors, have received wide attention due to their adjustable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, self‐healing, hydrophilicity, and ease of preparation. With doping engineering and incorporation with other functional nanomaterials, CPHs have exhibited excellent physical/chemical properties. CPHs have been widely used in various electronic devices, especially in the field of sensors due to its sensitivity to external stimuli. This review summarizes recent progress in CPHs from the aspect of the CPHs' properties and their application in advanced sensor technology. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1606–1621

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“…With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), flexible wearable electronics have attracted widespread attention, including conductors, [1][2][3] sensors, [4][5][6] and heater devices. [7][8][9] As the key and primary component of wearable electronics, flexible and stretchable conductors are widely used in soft light-emitting devices, [10] sensors, [11,12] and energy devices, [13][14][15] which can be developed to fabricate the flexible strain sensors and heaters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] Cai and coauthors prepared MWEs based on carbon nanotube (CNT)/ cotton/spandex composite yarn that can be stretched to 350%, but also exhibit low sensitivity and poor heating performance (heated to 105 °C at 10 V). Compared with the carbon-based materials (such as graphene, [30] CNTs, [5] and carbonized fibers [31] ), the metallic nanomaterials, especially of silver nanomaterials (including Ag nanowires, Ag flakes) usually have superior electrical conductivity. Compared with the carbon-based materials (such as graphene, [30] CNTs, [5] and carbonized fibers [31] ), the metallic nanomaterials, especially of silver nanomaterials (including Ag nanowires, Ag flakes) usually have superior electrical conductivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Ultrastretchable Printed Soft Electronic Devices for Wearable Applications

Tian

Luo

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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the researchers are beginning to introduce some features (such as the flexibility, bendability, self-healing, stretchability, sensing function, heater management) into the single electronic device to achieve the multifunctional integrated electronic systems. [7,22,[24][25][26][27] Therefore, multifunctionality becomes a major trend in flexible wearable electronics, which can effectively reduce production costs and save space.Interestingly, the flexible conductors, resistive-type strain sensors, and Joule heaters have similar device structures, making it possible to integrate all these functions in one device. [28,29] Recently, Souri and Bhattacharyya reported highly stretchable multifunctional wearable electronics (MWEs) based on conductive wool fabrics coated with graphene nanoplatelets and carbon black, which possessed sensing and heating performance. [7] However, owing to the high initial resistance (1.22 ± 0.15 KΩ), the MWEs require a high load voltage of 20 V to heat up to 103 °C, and its gauge factor (GF) is less than 0.5. [7] Cai and coauthors prepared MWEs based on carbon nanotube (CNT)/ cotton/spandex composite yarn that can be stretched to 350%, but also exhibit low sensitivity and poor heating performance (heated to 105 °C at 10 V). [8] Therefore, it is still a challenge to obtain the MWEs with high stretchability, good sensitivity, and excellent low-voltage driving heating performance.The electrical conductivity determines the performance of conductors and low-voltage driving heaters, in par with the sensitivity of resistive-type strain sensors. Compared with the carbon-based materials (such as graphene, [30] CNTs, [5] and carbonized fibers [31] ), the metallic nanomaterials, especially of silver nanomaterials (including Ag nanowires, Ag flakes) usually have superior electrical conductivity. [32][33][34] Among in silver nanomaterials, silver fractal dendrites (Ag FDs) with unique branch structure could obtain high conductivity at lower sintering temperature (<80 °C). The unique structure of Ag FDs provides larger surface area, which is beneficial to maintain the connection of conductive path under tensile strain. [9,28,35] In our previous works, the preparation process of the Ag FDs is simple and fast, enabling mass production. [9,28] Therefore, the Ag FDs is an ideal conductive material for fabricating the MWEs with high conductivity, excellent sensing performance and Joule heating performance.Another challenge is to exploit a simple and fast way to fabricate the high-performance MWEs. Conductors, resistivetype strain sensors and heaters have simple and similar device Multifunctionality is a major development trend in flexible stretchable wearable electronics, requiring integration of electrical conductivity, sensing performance, and heating management on a portable electronic device. Herein, the silver fractal dendrites (Ag FDs) conductive ink is formulated and deposited into the polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene (SIS) thin films by a simple and cost-effective transfer-printing method...

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Electrically conductive polymer composites for smart flexible strain sensors: a critical review

Abstract: Electrically conductive polymer composite-based smart strain sensors with different conductive fillers, phase morphology, and imperative features were reviewed.

Cited by 593 publications

References 251 publications

Thermal Transport in Conductive Polymer–Based Materials

Thermal Transport in Conductive Polymer–Based Materials

Properties of conductive polymer hydrogels and their application in sensors

Multifunctional Ultrastretchable Printed Soft Electronic Devices for Wearable Applications

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