Electrically Triggered VO<sub>2</sub> Reconfigurable Metasurface for Amplitude and Phase Modulation of Terahertz Wave

Jiang, Mingzhu; Hu, Fangrong; Zhang, Longhui; Quan, Baogang; Xu, Weilin; Du, Haotian; Xie, Duan; Chen, Ying

doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3068395

Cited by 49 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The metasurface achieved a 44 • beam deflection in both horizontal and vertical directions at 0.1 THz (Figure 7e,f). Recently, an electrically triggered VO 2 -based reconfigurable metasurface for both phase (90 • ) and amplitude (71% at 0.79 THz) modulation was experimentally demonstrated in [96]. And a multi-state 8 × 8 pixelated reflective modulator was demonstrated with a modulation speed of 1 kHz [97].…”

Section: Vanadium Dioxide (Vo 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

2022

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The forthcoming sixth generation (6G) communication network is envisioned to provide ultra-fast data transmission and ubiquitous wireless connectivity. The terahertz (THz) spectrum, with higher frequency and wider bandwidth, offers great potential for 6G wireless technologies. However, the THz links suffers from high loss and line-of-sight connectivity. To overcome these challenges, a cost-effective method to dynamically optimize the transmission path using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is widely proposed. RIS is constructed by embedding active elements into passive metasurfaces, which is an artificially designed periodic structure. However, the active elements (e.g., PIN diodes) used for 5G RIS are impractical for 6G RIS due to the cutoff frequency limitation and higher loss at THz frequencies. As such, various tuning elements have been explored to fill this THz gap between radio waves and infrared light. The focus of this review is on THz RISs with the potential to assist 6G communication functionalities including pixel-level amplitude modulation and dynamic beam manipulation. By reviewing a wide range of tuning mechanisms, including electronic approaches (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, Schottky diodes, high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), and graphene), optical approaches (photoactive semiconductor materials), phase-change materials (vanadium dioxide, chalcogenides, and liquid crystals), as well as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), this review summarizes recent developments in THz RISs in support of 6G communication links and discusses future research directions in this field.

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Section: Vanadium Dioxide (Vo 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

2022

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“…Reactive RF magnetron sputtering is a more common method to fabricate VO 2 , the fabricated film is uniform, the thickness is easy to control, has high adhesion to the substrate, and can grow the film in a large area 38,39 . To fabricate the VO 2 ‐based tunable antenna, we can firstly grow 200 nm‐thick VO 2 film on 500 μm‐thick quartz substrate 40,41 . The photoresist is uniformly spin‐coated onto the surface of the VO 2 film and then is removed to form the VO 2 pattern.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reverse design of a tunable terahertz metasurface antenna based on a deep neural network

Dao

et al. 2022

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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The reverse design of a tunable terahertz metasurface antenna is proposed based on the deep neural network (DNN). To obtain the tunable properties of the terahertz antenna, the phase‐changed material vanadium dioxide (VO2) is introduced by controlling the voltage without changing the structures of the metasurface antenna. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the terahertz antenna, the DNN is used to establish the relationship of amplitude and phase for the antenna unit. The prediction errors are below 10%. The radiation direction of the antenna can be changed from 0° to 52° by the VO2 with different states. The prediction error of angle is only 1° difference from the theoretical calculation. This reverse design method can be extended to other metasurface devices with improved efficiency and accuracy.

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“…In recent studies, graphenebased phase-only metasurface for the phase control is proposed [10], [34]. This case has a useful application in simple farfield and near-field wave engineering, but amplitude control is required for more complex beam synthesis [35]. For this reason, we add more freedom to the structure by considering a 2-bit amplitude discretization as 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 that adds up the encoder to 2/2-bits, ergo 16 states in overall.…”

Section: B Unit Cell Design and Amplitude/phase Digital Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Channel Near-Field Terahertz Communications Using Reprogrammable Graphene-Based Digital Metasurface

Rouhi

Hosseininejad

Abadal

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Digital metasurfaces have opened unprecedented ways to accomplish novel electromagnetic devices thanks to their simple manipulation of electromagnetic waves. However, the metasurfaces leveraging phase-only or amplitude-only modulation restricted the full-functionality control of the devices. Herein, a digital graphene-based metasurfaces engineering wavefront amplitude and phase are proposed for the first time to tackle this challenge in the terahertz (THz) band. The concept and its significance are verified using reprogrammable multi-focal metalens based on a 2/2-bit digital unit cell with independent control of 2-bit states of amplitude and phase individually. Moreover, we introduce a novel method to directly transmit digital information over multiple channels via the reprogrammable digital metasurface. Since these metasurfaces are composed of digital building blocks, the digital information can be directly modulated to the metasurface by selecting specific digital sequences and sent them to predetermined receivers distributed in the focal points. Following that, a multi-channel THz high-speed communication system and its application to build three-dimensional wireless agile interconnection are demonstrated. The presented method provides a new architecture for wireless communications without using complicated components of conventional systems. This work motivates versatile meta-devices in many applications envisioned for the THz frequencies, which will play a vital role in modern communications.

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Electrically Triggered VO₂ Reconfigurable Metasurface for Amplitude and Phase Modulation of Terahertz Wave

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

The reverse design of a tunable terahertz metasurface antenna based on a deep neural network

Multi-Channel Near-Field Terahertz Communications Using Reprogrammable Graphene-Based Digital Metasurface

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Electrically Triggered VO2 Reconfigurable Metasurface for Amplitude and Phase Modulation of Terahertz Wave

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

Terahertz Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for 6G Communication Links

The reverse design of a tunable terahertz metasurface antenna based on a deep neural network

Multi-Channel Near-Field Terahertz Communications Using Reprogrammable Graphene-Based Digital Metasurface

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Electrically Triggered VO₂ Reconfigurable Metasurface for Amplitude and Phase Modulation of Terahertz Wave