Electricity-based plastics and their potential demand for electricity and carbon dioxide

Palm, Ellen; Nilsson, Lars J; Åhman, Max

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.158

Cited by 63 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These processes could also be used in tandem; initial heating with heat pumps or solar could be boosted with more expensive biogas, hydrogen or synthetic methane. If new basic processes are chosen, a suite of other options open up that can be used by themselves or in combination: replacing fossil liquid and gaseous fuels and feedstocks with biomass (IRENA, 2014), decarbonized direct or electrothermal electrification (Lechtenbohmer et al, 2016), a hybrid of electrification and hydrogen (Lechtenbohmer et al, 2016;Palm et al, 2015), and synthetic hydrocarbons (Garmsiri et al, 2014). We describe these in turn.…”

Section: Figure Generalized Heavy Industry Decarbonization Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olefins and other precursors to most plastics (e.g. ethane, ethylene, polyethylene) can be produced directly via biomass gasification or via renewable electricity; electricity based plastics are more expensive that biomass plastics to a point, but the feedstock is not scarce (Palm et al, 2015). Related processes can be used to make almost any desired hydrocarbon (Fasihi et al, 2017;Gulagi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Figure 2 Production Of Ammonia and Synthetic Hydrocarbons Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of technology and policy deep decarbonization pathway options for making energy-intensive industry production consistent with the Paris Agreement

Bataille

Åhman

Neuhoff

et al. 2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

Self Cite

430

169

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The production of heavy industry commodities is responsible for 1/3 of annual global GHG emissions. The Paris Agreement goals of +1.5-2°C require global emissions reach net-zero and possibly negative somewhere between 2060 and 2080. Given the normal timetable for retirement or retrofit of industrial facilities (>=20 years) all new equipment must be net-zero or negative carbon by the early 2040s. In this article we demonstrate to policymakers and modellers that industrial decarbonization is technically possible and how it might be achieved. First, we synthesize sectoral lab-bench and near-commercial technology options for reducing emissions to net-zero within 1-2 investment cycles, pathways more or less appropriate given regional resources (i.e. access to biomass, renewable electricity, or geological storage of CO 2) and political circumstances. Second, we synthesize policy options, focussing on those that encourage a managed transition from today's industry to net-zero emissions with a minimum of stranded assets, unemployment and social trauma.

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Section: Figure Generalized Heavy Industry Decarbonization Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 2 Production Of Ammonia and Synthetic Hydrocarbons Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of technology and policy deep decarbonization pathway options for making energy-intensive industry production consistent with the Paris Agreement

Bataille

Åhman

Neuhoff

et al. 2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

Self Cite

430

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is also increasingly better understood that the energy system in this century will be mainly based on electricity, finally due to high technical efficiency, comparable low cost, and the availability of respective power‐to‐X technologies. The power‐to‐X technologies include power‐to‐heat (electric heat pumps), power‐to‐water (reverse osmosis desalination), power‐to‐hydrocarbons (hydrogen, methanation, synthetic fuels, and synthetic chemical feedstock), and a directly or indirectly electrified transport sector (battery electric vehicles, marine, and aviation). Decision makers increasingly require energy transition analyses with high spatial and temporal resolutions, so that the results can be discussed on a country or subcountry level in full hourly resolution and for demonstrating the feasibility of 100% RE systems.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar photovoltaics demand for the global energy transition in the power sector

Breyer

Bogdanov

Aghahosseini

et al. 2017

Progress in Photovoltaics

166

181

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The power sector is faced with strict requirements in reducing harmful emissions and substantially increasing the level of sustainability. Renewable energy (RE) in general and solar photovoltaic (PV) in particular can offer societally beneficial solutions. The LUT energy system transition model is used to simulate a cost-optimised transition pathway towards 100% RE in the power sector by 2050. The model is based on hourly resolution for an entire year, the world structured in 145 regions, high spatial resolution of the input RE resource data, and transition steps of 5-year periods. The global average solar PV electricity generation contribution is found to be about 69% in 2050, the highest ever reported. Detailed energy transition results are presented for representative countries in the world, namely, Poland, Britain and Ireland, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Ethiopia, and Indonesia. The global average energy system levelised cost of electricity gradually declines from 70 €/MWh in 2015 to 52 €/MWh in 2050 throughout the transition period, while deep decarbonisation of more than 95% around 2040, referenced to 2015, would be possible.The targets of the Paris Agreement can be well achieved in the power sector, while increasing societal welfare, given strong policy leadership.

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“…electric heat pumps), electricity‐based mobility (e.g. electric vehicles, electricity based synthetic fuels ) and electricity‐based chemicals . This megatrend is driven by the efficiency increase of the electricity‐based solutions, the fast cost decline of renewable‐based electricity solutions and the increasing pressure to factor in the full societal costs.…”

Section: Review Of Global Energy Transition Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of solar photovoltaics in global energy transition scenarios

Breyer

Bogdanov

Gulagi

et al. 2017

Progress in Photovoltaics

285

135

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The global energy system has to be transformed towards high levels of sustainability in order to comply with the COP21 agreement. Solar photovoltaic (PV) offers excellent characteristics to play a major role in this energy transition. The key objective of this work is to investigate the role of PV in the global energy transition based on respective scenarios and a newly introduced energy transition model developed by the authors. A progressive group of energy transition scenarios present results of a fast growth of installed PV capacities and a high energy supply share of solar energy to the total primary energy demand in the world in the decades to come. These progressive energy transition scenarios can be confirmed. For the very first time, a full hourly modelling for an entire year is performed for the world, subdivided in 145 sub‐regions, which is required to reflect the intermittent character of the future energy system. The model derives total installed solar PV capacity requirements of 7.1–9.1 TWp for the electricity sector (as of the year 2015) and 27.4 TWp for the entire energy system in the mid‐term. The long‐term capacity is expected to be 42 TWp and, because of the ongoing cost reduction of PV and battery technologies, this value is found to be the lower limit for the installed capacities. Solar PV electricity is expected to be the largest, least cost and most relevant source of energy in the mid‐term to long‐term for the global energy supply. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Electricity-based plastics and their potential demand for electricity and carbon dioxide

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

A review of technology and policy deep decarbonization pathway options for making energy-intensive industry production consistent with the Paris Agreement

A review of technology and policy deep decarbonization pathway options for making energy-intensive industry production consistent with the Paris Agreement

Solar photovoltaics demand for the global energy transition in the power sector

On the role of solar photovoltaics in global energy transition scenarios

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