Electrocarboxylation of 1-chloro-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane with a silver cathode in ionic liquids: an environmentally benign and efficient way to synthesize Ibuprofen

Abstract

A new more environmentally friendly approach for synthesising Ibuprofen by using green technologies (electrochemistry and ionic liquids) and CO2 feedstock.

Suppressing carboxylate nucleophilicity with inorganic salts enables selective electrocarboxylation without sacrificial anodes

“…benzyl, aryl, alkyl, allyl); [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] in addition, electrocarboxylation of secondary benzylic halides has been envisioned to lead to more sustainable syntheses of pharmaceutically relevant arylacetic acids. 53,54 Attempts to carboxylate many organic halides without sacricial anodes have led to product selectivity issues because the carboxylate product is a nucleophile that can undergo nucleophilic substitution with the organic halide substrate to form an ester. 40,55,56 In fact, one of the primary reasons sacricial anodes are so widely used for electrocarboxylation is to prevent nucleophilic side reactions with the organic halide substrate.…”

Electrochemical Incorporation of Carbon Dioxide into Fluorotoluene Derivatives under Mild Conditions

“…Moreover, in the second generation of ionic liquids are the room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which are liquids at working conditions [22]. Hence, using electrochemistry and RTILs together is an alternative for creating greener electrochemical routes, substituting traditional organic solvents employed with other solvents that are safer and more environmentally friendly [23][24][25].…”

“…It is important to highlight how that the nature of the cathode as well as the electrolyte shifted the reduction peak potential values, making the process energetically more favorable. The combined use of silver and copper cathodes and ILs, as catalyst and cocatalyst, allows to make lower the potential in which CO 2 is reduced [23][24][25]. Note that the CO 2 cathodic peak potential diminishes in 138 mV (with Cu) and 588 mV (with Ag) when the organic electrolyte (DMF/0.1M TBA PF 6 ) is replaced by the ionic liquid (BMPyr TFSI).…”

“…A three-electrode electrochemical system in a one-compartment conical cell was used for the set-up of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and controlled potential electrolysis. The electrochemical details of those techniques have been previously described [13,19,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

Silver encapsulated copper salen complex: efficient catalyst for electrocarboxylation of cinnamyl chloride with CO2

“…Metal complexes (Co, Ni, Pd) [17][18][19] and silver [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] respectively, have been proven to be efficient in electrosynthesis of carboxylic acids via carboxylation of halogenated compounds. For combining the catalytic function of both, organically doped metals [28][29][30] were introduced, which used as catalysts with the advantages of high catalytic activity as well as easy separation.…”