Electrochemical Corrosion and In Vitro Bioactivity of Nano-Grained Biomedical Ti-20Nb-13Zr Alloy in a Simulated Body Fluid

Abstract

The bioactivity and the corrosion protection for a novel nano-grained Ti-20Nb-13Zr at % alloy were examined in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The effect of the SPS’s temperature on the corrosion performance was investigated. The phases and microstructural details of the developed alloy were analyzed by XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). The electrochemical study was investigated using linear potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a SBF, and the bioactivity was examined by immersing the developed alloy in a SBF for 3, 7, and 14 days. The morphology of the depositions after immersion was examined using SEM. Alloy surface analysis after immersion in the SBF was characterized by XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). The results of the bioactivity test in SBF revealed the growth of a hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the alloy. The analysis of XPS showed the formation of protective oxides of TiO2, Ti2O3, ZrO2, Nb2O5, and a Ca3(PO4)2 compound (precursor of hydroxyapatite) deposited on the alloy surface, indicating that the presented alloy can stimulate bone formation. The corrosion resistance increased by increasing the sintering temperature and the highest corrosion resistance was obtained at 1200 °C. The improved corrosion protection was found to be related to the alloy densification. The bioactivity and the corrosion resistance of the developed nanostructured alloy in a SBF renders the nanostructured Ti-20Nb-13Zr alloy a promising candidate as an implant material.

Electrochemical Behavior in Simulated Physiological Solution of Ti-Nb-Zr-Calcium Pyrophosphate Composite with Enhanced Bioactivity by Spark Plasma Sintering

“…Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Ti-Nb-Zr-CPP composites primarily depend on the surface passive oxide film, which is determined by their chemical composition. A sequence of possible ion reactions [33][34][35] in simulated physiological solution during the electrochemical process could be expressed as follows:…”

Corrosion Behaviour of Ti–34Nb–25Zr Alloy Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

“…Ti-64 was the first titanium alloy used for implant materials, and Ti-64 is one of the most used implant materials for dental, orthopaedic and osteosynthesis applications [8]. However, studies have indicated that vanadium, a beta-phase stabilizer, produces oxides harmful to the human body [8,9]. The toxicity of vanadium has encouraged the search for alternative materials to replace Ti-64 [9].…”

“…However, studies have indicated that vanadium, a beta-phase stabilizer, produces oxides harmful to the human body [8,9]. The toxicity of vanadium has encouraged the search for alternative materials to replace Ti-64 [9].…”

“…This results in improved wear resistance, while the addition of Zr helps in obtaining the solid solution required for achieving the hardness [2]. Most of the work in literature on the development of Ti-based alloys use arc melting and casting techniques [2,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, owing to the broad range of melting temperatures in most of these alloys, the use of conventional casting methods becomes limited owing to the lack of homogeneity in the final product [2].…”

Influence of surface treatment on PEDOT coatings: surface and electrochemical corrosion aspects of newly developed Ti alloy

“…Recently, the authors' research group has newly developed a nanograined Ti-20Nb-13Zr at% alloy with a near-b Ti microstructure from the nontoxic elements of Ti, Nb, and Zr, 25 and the electrochemical corrosion and in vitro bioactivity of Ti-Nb-Zr alloys for orthopedic implant applications have been investigated. 26 The developed alloy showed improved hardness and resistance to plastic deformation compared to commercial Ti and G5 alloys.…”