Electrochemical Detection in Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): A Review and Application of Direct On-Plate Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for TLC

Abstract

The use of square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) as a direct on-plate detection method for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is described. A commercially available carbon screen-printed microelectrode array, complete with a reference and auxiliary electrode, was used to detect Cd 2þ , Cu 2þ and Pb 2þ during the chromatographic separation. Detection limits are typically less than 10 ng for each analyte. A comprehensive review of all on-plate electrochemical detection methods for TLC is also provided.

Microelectrode Arrays and Microfabricated Devices in Electrochemical Stripping Analysis

“…For example, Ir [38], Au [9,18,31,[59][60][61][62]84], carbon [85] and borondoped diamond [20] MEAs have been used without a Hgcoating.…”

“…An unusual application of stripping voltammetry at MEAs was presented by Petrovic et al [85]. In this work, a commercial carbon micro-disk electrode array (from Ecossensors Ltd., U.K.) was interfaced with a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate so that ASV can be used as a way of evaluating the separation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Pb).…”

Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds

“…Aluminum ions with high sensitivity at the ppb level have been selectively detected by measuring the fluorescence of complexed Al. The use of square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry as a direct on-plate detection method for Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Pb 2+ (detection limit of each cation, less than 10 ng) was reported by Dewald et al (56).…”

Direct determination of cadmium and lead in pharmaceutical ingredients using anodic stripping voltammetry in aqueous and DMSO/water solutions

“…Electrochemical methods to analyze trace cadmium and lead have been mostly focused on their presence in aqueous systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], such as drinking water, containing trace levels of organic matter without the need to consider the presence of dissolved organics. Electrochemical analyses of cadmium and lead in the presence of organic substrates have received less attention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Determination of metal content in fish, honey and other organic/biological matrices often requires sample mineralization such as dry ashing or wet acid digestion [2,3,5,[9][10].…”

“…Electrochemical methods, specifically electrochemical techniques such as Anodic Strip-M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 4 ping Voltammetry (ASV), are attractive alternatives to ICP-based approaches. In addition to possessing multi-element detection capabilities, electroanalytical approaches require instrumentation of relatively low-cost maintenance and operation.…”