Electrochemical impedance study of the lignin-derived conducting polymer

Nanocomposite Polymeric Materials Based on Eucalyptus Lignoboost® Kraft Lignin for Liquid Sensing Applications

“…Electrical conductivity is one of the requisites for the sensing material to be used as a membrane in potentiometric sensors. According to the previous work, lignin-based polyurethanes are insulating with conductivity of nearly 10 −8 S•m −1 , which can be increased several orders of magnitude by doping with carbon nanotubes [15,16]. Lignin is considered to be an excellent dispersant of carbon nanotubes in the polymeric matrix [14].…”

“…Synthesis of technical lignin-based polyurethanes, doped with carbon nanotubes for the sensing applications, has been previously reported [14][15][16]. It was demonstrated that doping with carbon nanotubes ensured electrical conductivity increase of kraft lignin-based polyurethane by 5 orders of magnitude [15]. Potentiometric sensors with lignin-based polyurethane membranes displayed selective response to Cr(VI) [16].…”

“…Though lignin is insulating, its polyunsaturated nature promotes its transformation into conducting material upon appropriate doping. Synthesis of technical lignin-based polyurethanes, doped with carbon nanotubes for the sensing applications, has been previously reported [14][15][16]. It was demonstrated that doping with carbon nanotubes ensured electrical conductivity increase of kraft lignin-based polyurethane by 5 orders of magnitude [15].…”

Functional‐Group Modification of Kraft Lignin for Enhanced Supercapacitors

“…The fitting parameters of the equivalent circuit (Figure f, inset) are listed in Table S1. At the low frequency region, the two straight lines display quite similar slopes, corresponding to similar diffusion impedances (W) of 1.85 Ω for KL/TAC vs. 1.78 Ω for OKL/TAC‐4, which implies that the two materials have similar mass transfer ability, and the functional‐group modification treatment would not heavily affect the materials’ structure . Simultaneously, in comparison to KL/TAC which has a charge transfer resistance ( R ct ) of 2.07 Ω estimated from the semicircle diameter in the high frequency region, OKL/TAC‐4 gives a smaller R ct value of 1.76 Ω, indicating a faster charge transfer process at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, which may be associated with the more abundant phenolic hydroxy groups in OKL/TAC‐4 …”

Novel and Efficient Diethylene Glycol/H2O Solvent for Lignin Dissolution

“…The relative ratios of each of these monolignols depend on the origin of the biomass, and it is also the only native biopolymer on the earth that contains aromatic phenolpropanoid monomers (Metzger et al 1992;Pu et al 2007;Hossain and Aldous 2012). With the increasing depletion of petroleum resources, rising environmental awareness, and health concerns, the exploitation of low-cost and biorenewable bioresources such as lignin have received great attention (Graca et al 2012;Rozite et al 2013). Lignin could be utilized in polymer matrices for high performance composite applications (Gosselink et al 2004), and lignin is a potential resource to produce valueadded chemicals as an alternative to the petrochemical industry (Thielemans et al 2002;Saake and Lehnen 2007;Faruk et al 2012;Fernandes et al 2013).…”