Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Trace Tin Concentrations—Review

Abstract

Tin determination allows for the monitoring of pollution and assessment of the impact of human activities on the environment. The determination of tin in the environment is crucial for the protection of human health and ecosystems, and for maintaining sustainability. Tin can be released into the environment from various sources, such as industry, transportation, and electronic waste. The concentration of tin in the environment can be determined by different analytical methods, depending on the form of tin present and the purpose of the analysis. The choice of an appropriate method depends on the type of sample, concentration levels, and the available instrumentation. In this paper, we have carried out a literature review of electrochemical methods for the determination of tin. Electrochemical methods of analysis such as polarography, voltammetry, and potentiometry can be used for the determination of tin in various environmental samples, as well as in metal alloys. The detection limits and linearity ranges obtained for the determination of tin by different electrochemical techniques are collected and presented. The influence of the choice of base electrolyte and working electrode on signals is also presented. Practical applications of the developed tin determination methods in analyzing real samples are also summarized.

Innovative Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Electrochemical Sensors for the Analysis of Europium in Samples from the Environment

“…However, as Mercury is known to be toxic, less toxic electrodes are increasingly being introduced into the laboratory environment to eliminate the use of Mercury electrodes. 56 The first electrode used for the determination of europium(III) by AdSV was a Nafion−coated thin Mercury film electrode (NCTMFE). 36 A paper has also appeared in the literature describing the use of a hanging Mercury drop electrode (HMDE) for the determination of Eu(III).…”