Electrochemically-driven actuators: from materials to mechanisms and from performance to applications

Yang, Lixue; Zhang, Yiyao; Cai, Wenting; Tan, Junlong; Hansen, Heather; Wang, Hongzhi; Chen, Yan; Zhu, Meifang; Mu, Jiuke

doi:10.1039/d3cs00906h

Chem. Soc. Rev.

2024

DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00906h

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Electrochemically-driven actuators: from materials to mechanisms and from performance to applications

Lixue Yang,

Yiyao Zhang,

Wenting Cai

et al.

Abstract: This review aims to capture the current state of electrochemical actuators and set a trajectory for future innovation in this field.

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Cited by 3 publications

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Stimuli-responsive smart polymers based on functional dyes

Imato,

Ooyama

2024

Polym J

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Functional dyes exhibit intriguing properties in response to external stimuli related to their optical, electronic, structural, and energetic characteristics and enable unique stimuli-responsive functions in materials by collaborating with polymers, particularly when chemically incorporated into the polymer structures. As well as the structures and properties of functional dyes, polymers, assemblies, and materials, the interactions between these components are important to the functions of materials. In this review, we introduce our recent studies conducted in the past half decade on stimuli-responsive smart polymers and polymeric materials based on functional dyes that are chemically incorporated into the polymer structures, with a special focus on light, force, electric fields, and chemicals including water in a variety of external stimuli. For example, these polymers and materials offer switchable adhesion, mechanical actuation, and chemical sensing.

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Stimuli-responsive smart polymers based on functional dyes

Imato,

Ooyama

2024

Polym J

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Bending and sensing performances of electro-ionic soft actuators based on carboxylated cellulose nanofibers reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets

Ma,

Wang,

Deng

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Soft robots not only possess greater degrees of freedom and the capability for continuous transformation, but they also offer exceptionally high safety in human-robot interactions, avoiding harm to the human body. Soft actuators are essential for developing high-performance soft robots, offering significant bending deformation, rapid response times, and prolonged operational capabilities. Herein, we present an ionic electroactive soft actuator based on functional cellulose nanofibers, graphene nanoplatelets, and ionic liquid. The proposed actuator achieved a large displacement about ±8 mm under 2.0 V at 0.1 Hz, with long working stability (98% of initial peak displacement maintained after 1260 cycles of cycling). The human-robot interaction applications of this actuator were explored by simulating human fingers. More importantly, the static and dynamic sensing performances of the actuator were investigated, finding that it generated a sensing voltage of 0.37 V at a vibration displacement of only 1.75 mm. The designed actuator provides a promising approach for developing high-performance soft robots, soft actuators, flexible sensors, and flexible active devices.

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Advancing medical devices with soft actuators

Mu,

Yang,

Sheng

et al. 2025

TIMS

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Electrochemically-driven actuators: from materials to mechanisms and from performance to applications

Abstract: This review aims to capture the current state of electrochemical actuators and set a trajectory for future innovation in this field.

Cited by 3 publications

References 416 publications

Stimuli-responsive smart polymers based on functional dyes

Stimuli-responsive smart polymers based on functional dyes

Bending and sensing performances of electro-ionic soft actuators based on carboxylated cellulose nanofibers reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets

Advancing medical devices with soft actuators

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