“…AAOs which were formed by anodizing Al substrate in an acidic electrolyte, have attracted great interest in diverse fundamental science and industry, for example, hard templates for nanotubes/nanowires 1,2,3,4,5 , energy storage devices 6,7,8,9 , bio-sensing 10,11 , filtering applications 12,13,14 , masks for evaporating and/or etching 15,16,17 , and capacitive humidity sensors 18,19,20,21,22 , owing to their self-ordered honeycomb structure, high aspect ratio of nanopores, and superior mechanical properties 23 . For applying the nanoporous AAOs to these various applications, they should be freestanding forms with a highly and long-range ordered array of nanopores.…”