Electrodeionization theory, mechanism and environmental applications. A review

Rathi, B. Senthil; Kumar, P. Senthil

doi:10.1007/s10311-020-01006-9

Cited by 59 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 153 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…EDI, shown in Figure a, is typically used to generate highly pure products by processing feeds with low levels of dissolved solids (e.g., RO permeate). ,− This method originated in the late 1950s with the intent of enabling extreme deionization of contaminated feeds by packing the channels of an ED stack with charged porous media or conductive ion exchange resin beads. , The purpose of these conductive materials is to reduce the ICP observed in ED by enhancing transport of ions via electrokinetic phenomena (see Figure c and Figure ). As in ED, ions are depleted in the diluate compartments of an EDI stack and are concentrated in the adjacent (concentrate) compartments because of the permselective properties of the IEMs.…”

Section: Electrokinetic Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.

show abstract

Section: Electrokinetic Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Impact strength remained intact up to 4 weight % and then decreased at 6 weight % and tensile properties were increased (Chowreddy et al 2019). Alphazirconium hydrogen phosphate (ZrP) with the aid of chemically inert polymer coated with a titanium platinum electrode was used to collect harmful cobalt ions which are used as primary coolant in a nuclear power plant (Rathi and Ponnusamy 2020).…”

Section: The Use Of Processed and Post-consumed Polymers As Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have investigated various radiation shielding materials to protect life and its surroundings from debasing consequences that occurred from radiation exposure under attenuation or absorption of unwanted radiations (Singh et al 2014a , b ; Al-Buriahi et al 2020 ; Levet et al 2020 ; More et al 2020a , b ; Rani et al 2020 ). Weight, space, cost, and attenuation or absorption capabilities of the materials used for radiological protection are key points that defy researchers to synthesize and develop appropriate shielding materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric composite materials for radiation shielding: a review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rising use of radioactive elements is increasing radioactive pollution and calling for advanced materials to protect individuals. For instance, polymers are promising due to their mechanical, electrical, thermal, and multifunctional properties. Moreover, composites made of polymers and high atomic number fillers should allow to obtain material with low-weight, good flexibility, and good processability. Here we review the synthesis of polymer materials for radiation protection, with focus on the role of the nanofillers. We discuss the effectivness of polymeric materials for the absorption of fast neutrons. We also present the recycling of polymers into composites.

show abstract

“…Due to the extremely low concentration of solution at the interface of the two phases, water starts to dissociate under the action of the current to produce H + and OH − , although they are not beneficial. 127 The concentration polarization of ED not only increases energy consumption, but also leads to scaling of the ion exchange membrane. Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, researchers have upgraded the method by adding ion exchange resin to the dilution chamber of the original electrodialysis, also known as electrodeionization (EDI) (Fig.…”

Section: Pretreatment Methods Of Impurities In Electroplating Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%