Electrodeposited lead dioxide coatings

Abstract

Lead dioxide coatings on inert substrates such as titanium and carbon now offer new opportunities for a material known for 150 years. It is now recognised that electrodeposition allows the preparation of stable coatings with different phase structures and a wide range of surface morphologies. In addition, substantial modification to the physical properties and catalytic activities of the coatings are possible through doping and the fabrication of nanostructured deposits or composites. In addition to applications as a cheap anode material in electrochemical technology, lead dioxide coatings provide unique possibilities for probing the dependence of catalytic activity on layer composition and structure (critical review, 256 references).

Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOP) to degrade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)

“…[20,24,29] Consequently, EAOP has drawn increasing attention, which can be evidenced by the number of publications shown in Figure 1, and witnessed by recently published reviews [20,23,24,26,[30][31][32][33][34].…”

“…For example, PbO 2 doped with F -was found to inhibit O 2 emission, accelerate oxidation and enhance degradation efficiency [32]. The explanation for is that the F -is incorporated into the bulk structure and decreases the extent of adsorbed water, for both α-PbO 2 or β-PbO 2 , although the latter is preferred for water treatment [33].…”

“…An issue is the possible damage to the MMO electrode's surface due to fluorination [63]. Fortunately, the doping of F -might also benefit the degradation process [32]. But more research is needed.…”

“…As stated previously, to boost the productivity of radicals and inhibit the emission of O 2 , the electrode materials reported in literatures include platinum (Pt) [43], carbon or graphite (C) [44,45], iridium dioxide (IrO 2 ) [46], ruthenium dioxide (RuO 2 ) [47], tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) [48], boron-doped diamond (BDD) [49], lead dioxide (PbO 2 ) [32], Ti 4 O 7 (Ebonex) [39], TiO 2 nanotube array [34] as well [24,36]. Among them, BDD has been reported to be the best for water treatment [49].…”

“…To improve the electrode's shelf life, the anode materials can be modified, such as by doping and nanofabricating [31,32,36,45]. For example, PbO 2 doped with F -was found to inhibit O 2 emission, accelerate oxidation and enhance degradation efficiency [32].…”