“…Electrodes are used to stimulate and record electrical activity from the mammalian central nervous system and have been widely applied in the medical field for the investigation of spinal cord injuries, strokes, sensory deficits, and neurological disorders. Neuromodulation, an evolving therapeutic approach based on the recording and delivery of electrical signals to targeted neurological sites, has been investigated for the treatment of conditions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] such as Parkinson's disease [9,10], dystonia, [11,12], tremor [13], psychiatric conditions [14], and pain disorders [15][16][17][18]. Most neural recording and stimulating electrodes are metallic [19].…”