Electroleaching of polymetallic ocean nodules to recover copper, nickel and cobalt

Kumari, Abha; Natarajan, K.A.

doi:10.1016/s0892-6875(01)00090-5

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The product is then extracted and electrolyzed. 68 Kumari et al 66,69 have developed a laboratory-scale electro-biological leaching procedure to extract valuable metals from manganese nodules in the Indian Ocean. In the electrochemical bioleaching process combining bioleaching and electrochemical leaching, manganese dioxide can be reduced out by cathodic polarization and current interactions.…”

Section: The Inevitability Of Bioleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: Current progress and future prospects

Xue

Feng

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The extraction of manganese elements and other strategic elements from oceanic manganese nodules has become a strategic decision to ensure the security of global metal resources and the high‐quality green development of metal resource processing and metallurgy industry due to the gradual depletion of high‐quality terrestrial metal resources and the increase of difficult‐to‐select and difficult‐to‐smelt deposits. In order to achieve the enrichment and separation of diverse elements within oceanic manganese nodules, it is imperative to initiate chemical reactions that facilitate the breakdown of complex oxides, particularly manganese dioxide. Bioleaching is a viable treatment option for oceanic manganese nodules with low operating costs and environmental damage. However, the mechanism of oceanic manganese nodules bioleaching is not fully studied, and the prospect of technology development is uncertain. We have reviewed five influencing factors on bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: mineralogical characteristics, chemical reaction equilibrium, thermodynamic characteristics, microbial properties, and operational variables. It then makes new development recommendations and technological system suggestions for the future improvement of oceanic manganese nodule bioleaching, primarily focusing on the development of new technologies for challenging to select and difficult to smelt ores, the practicality of strategic energy metal development, the cell design and its materials revolution, environmental protection and management, and all‐round resource utilization. Solving the above critical technical issues will boost the high‐quality development of metal industry and environmental protection.

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Section: The Inevitability Of Bioleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: Current progress and future prospects

Xue

Feng

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…The most important step is the reduction of manganese, which helps in breaking the manganese matrix; thus the rest of metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt can easily react with a leaching agent. The carbon monoxide reduces cupric ion to the cuprous state, which is [39,42,43,49,53,54,57,59,63,65,68,71,[94][95][96].…”

Section: Polymetallic Manganese Nodules (Pmn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 11. Metallurgical processes for manganese nodules[39,42,43,49,53,54,57,59,63,65,68,71,[94][95][96].…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Metallurgical Processing of Marine Minerals

2021

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Polymetallic manganese nodules (PMN), cobalt-rich manganese crusts (CRC) and seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) have been identified as important resources of economically valuable metals and critical raw materials. The currently proposed mineral processing operations are based on metallurgical approaches applied for land resources. Thus far, significant endeavors have been carried out to describe the extraction of metals from PMN; however, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it lacks a thorough review on recent developments in processing of CRC and SMS. This paper begins with an overview of each marine mineral. It is followed by a systematic review of common methods used for extraction of metals from marine mineral deposits. In this review, we update the information published so far in peer-reviewed and technical literature, and briefly provide the future perspectives for processing of marine mineral deposits.

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“…Although less encountered, reductive electroleaching of ores can also be considered, as shown by a couple of published papers. This reductive electroleaching, mainly direct, was performed with natural resources containing MnO 2 -in which the manganese cation was cathodically dissolved from the oxide present in the low-grade manganese ores [3], or in polymetallic ocean nodules [4]. Apart from the beneficiation of mineral ores, electroleaching can be applied to the treatment of secondary raw materials, in particular, that of printed circuit boards, either by direct electro-dissolution [5,6] or by generation of an oxidizing reagent at the anode [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Metals from Secondary Raw Materials by Coupled Electroleaching and Electrodeposition in Aqueous or Ionic Liquid Media

Leclerc

Legeai

Balva

et al. 2018

Metals

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This paper presents recent views on a hybrid process for beneficiation of secondary raw materials by combined electroleaching of targeted metals and electrodeposition. On the basis of several case studies with aqueous solutions or in ionic liquid media, the paper describes the potential and the limits of the novel, hybrid technique, together with the methodology employed, combining determination of speciation, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and chemical engineering. On one hand, the case of electroleaching/electrodeposition (E/E) process in aqueous media, although often investigated at the bench scale, appears nevertheless relatively mature, because of the developed methodology, and the appreciable current density allowed, and so it can be used to successfully treat electrode materials of spent Zn/MnO 2 batteries or Ni/Cd accumulators and Waelz oxide. On the other hand, the use of ionic liquids as promising media for the recovery of various metals can be considered for other types of wastes, as shown here for the case of electrodes of aged fuel cells. The combined (E/E) technique could be successfully used for the above waste, in particular by the tricky selection of ionic liquid media. Nevertheless, further investigations in physical chemistry and chemical engineering appear necessary for possible developments of larger-scale processes for the recovery of these strategic resources.

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Electroleaching of polymetallic ocean nodules to recover copper, nickel and cobalt

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: Current progress and future prospects

Bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: Current progress and future prospects

Recent Advancements in Metallurgical Processing of Marine Minerals

Recovery of Metals from Secondary Raw Materials by Coupled Electroleaching and Electrodeposition in Aqueous or Ionic Liquid Media

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