Electrolyte contribution to the multifunctional response of cellulose carbon nanotube fibers

Cation-Selective Actuator–Sensor Response of Microcrystalline Cellulose Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes of Different Electrolytes Using Propylene Carbonate Solvent

“…The charge densities have only minor differences, with TBATF having 58.8 ± 4.3 mC cm −2 , followed by EDMITF with 56.1 ± 4.1 mC cm −2 , and the lowest being found for LiTF with 50.2 ± 3.6 mC cm −2 . As shown in previous research [11,14,25] using Cell-CNT fiber, the applied electrolytes, the potential ranges, and the solvent play a role in the actuation direction (cation or anion forming the electrical double layer). When comparing this work's potential range of 0.7 V to −0.2 V to the former's [11] potential range of 0.8 V to −0.3 V, the discharging expansion was found to be comparable if the same cation, Li + , was used.…”

“…In the second step, the MCNTs are included (50 wt.%), the suspension is sonicated, and the solution is directly placed in a syringe. To restore the hydrogen bonds, the MC-MCNT suspension was extruded, and fiber was formed in an anti-solvent (Milli-Q+ water) via the procedure shown in previous research [14]. The SEM fiber image in Figure 1b and the cross-section image shown in Figure 1c represent the MC-MCNT fiber.…”

“…If we consider Le Chatelier's principle that if a system is in electrochemical balance, often applied for faradaic actuators [54], additional parameters either in current or potential evolution can be measured simultaneously to their actuation response, shown as well in previous research [55], on SWCNT, being adaptable in dual sensing and actuation. MC-MCNT fiber has also been shown in recent research [14] to have anions and cations that can be selectively detected by switching the potential range in aqueous electrolytes. Cellulose MCNT-forming fiber over electrospinning showed a sensor for different ions and ion concentrations in aqueous electrolytes [56].…”

“…The general actuation mechanism using MCNTs in MC-MCNT fibers follows a nonfaradaic process [12] with an charge injection in the MCNTs, building up an electrical double layer (EDL) and changing the C-C bond length [13]. In addition to the stable actuation response, recent research [14] revealed that changes in the potential range of anions and cations can be differentiated and electrochemically sensed in aqueous electrolytes.…”

Sustainability of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Fibers and Their Cellulose Composite

“…There is a strong demand for future materials of natural biodegradable polymers to reduce the pollution of synthetic polymers in nature. Cellulose is one of those natural polymers which receive, in recent years, much attention serving as a host matrix [1] with electroactive fillers in composites for batteries [2], flexible electronics [3], sensors [4,5], supercapacitors [6], electromagnetic shielding [7], etc. Paper-based composites as sustainable environmental supercapacitors have recently been shown in multifunctional applications [8], while more attention needs to be drawn to the electrolyte effect in electrochemical supercapacitors, recently shown for aerogel electrodes [9].…”