Electrolyzed Hydrogen Water Protects against Ethanol-Induced Cytotoxicity by Regulating Aldehyde Metabolism-Associated Enzymes in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2

Abstract

Excessive alcohol consumption can cause multi-systemic diseases. Among them, alcoholic liver disease is the most frequent and serious disease. Electrolytic hydrogen water (EHW) is produced at the cathode during electrolysis of water and contains a large amount of molecular hydrogen and a low content of platinum nanoparticles with alkaline properties. In this study, we found that EHW inhibits ethanol-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing the intracellular acetaldehyde, a toxic substance produced by ethanol degradation, in hepatocyte cell lines HepG2. Analysis of the mechanism of action revealed that EHW inhibits the metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde by suppressing alcohol dehydrogenase. EHW also promotes the metabolism of acetaldehyde to acetic acid by activating aldehyde dehydrogenase, which plays to reduce aldehyde toxicity and intracellular reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. These functions were correlated with the concentration of molecular hydrogen in EHW, and were abolished by degassing treatment, suggesting that molecular hydrogen may contribute as a functional factor in the suppression of ethanol-induced hepatocellular damage. Furthermore, hydrogen water with high dissolved hydrogen molecule showed the same hepatocellular protective effect against ethanol as the EHW. These results suggest that EHW may be useful in the prevention of alcoholic liver disease.

Preparation of Pueraria lobata Root-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles and Evaluation of Their Effects on Mitigating Alcoholic Intoxication and Promoting Alcohol Metabolism in Mice

“…38 Additionally, Electrolytic hydrogen water (EHW) demonstrates the ability to reduce intracellular acetaldehyde levels, suppress cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, and prevent cell death by inhibiting ADH activity while increasing ALDH activity in HepG2 liver cells. 39 In our investigation using an AAI model in mice, oral administration of P-ELNs resulted in a significant reduction in hepatic ADH activity and a notable increase in ALDH activity, indicating the promotion of acetaldehyde metabolism and elimination through regulation of the ADH/ALDH dehydrogenase system, thereby accelerating alcohol metabolism. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the specific biochemical mechanisms underlying these findings.…”

DNMT1/PKR double knockdowned HepG2 (HepG2-DP) cells have high hepatic function and differentiation ability

“…The biological response to ethanol is regulated by the processes of acetaldehyde production by ADH, CYP2E1, and catalase, and its metabolism to acetic acid by ALDH. The mechanism of alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage is thought to involve the redox shift associated with ethanol metabolism, toxicity of acetaldehyde, and increased oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production 28 . When the results in Fig.…”

Health Benefits of Electrolyzed Hydrogen Water: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Living Organisms

“…These free Pt clusters and/or Pt nanoparticles can convert hydrogen molecules (H 2 ) into reductive hydrogen species (H•) through Pt/H2 catalytic interactions, thereby endowing EHW with distinctive reductive properties. As with hydrogen water, a wide range of effects has also been reported for EHW, including anti-inflammation in aspirin-induced gastric injury [50] and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation models [51], inhibition of oxidative stress [17] and oxidative DNA damage [52], alleviation of abdominal pain in an IBD model [6], reduction of toxic acetaldehyde, and prevention of ethanol-induced cytotoxicity [53]. Additionally, EHW consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes has shown to improve insulin resistance [11], and in dialysis patients, it enhances quality of life by reducing fatigue [12] and lowering the risk of complications [13].…”