Electromagnetic analysis of deep brain stimulation

Electromagnetic Nanoparticles for Sensing and Medical Diagnostic Applications

“…There are two kind of sensing platforms: ( a 1 ) Direct contact and ( a 2 ) Distance measurements. ( b ) Pulse propagation along dendride 0 of neuron 0 (red line), axon of neuron 100 (gray dashed line), axon of neuron 150 (green line), target neuron soma (black line) and target neuron axon (blue line) [ 71 ]; ( c ) Resonant frequency shift among healthy tissue (step-line), benign tumor (dot) and malignant tissue (straight line); ( d ) Extinction cross-section spectra for glucose concentration measurements; and ( e ) transmission spectra for Oxyhemoglobin and Deoxygenated hemoglobin at reference absorption frequencies [ 72 ].…”

“…The combination of the resonant effect and the additional enhancement of the field plays a crucial role in sensing technology [ 13 ], offering interesting advantages for sensitive and label-free purposes [ 14 , 59 ]: a significant reduction in the structure size and an improvement in resolution and sensitivity to enable the detection of small changes in the dielectric environment [ 60 , 61 ]; tune the response (resonant frequency, amplitude and bandwidth) by tailoring the geometrical parameters to coincide with the absorption peaks of a well selected organic group [ 62 , 63 ]; increase system performances [ 64 ], wireless measurements [ 65 ], material characteristics analysis [ 66 ] and therapy [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]; and avoid the employment of markers and eliminate artefacts caused by their use [ 72 ]. …”

“…increase system performances [ 64 ], wireless measurements [ 65 ], material characteristics analysis [ 66 ] and therapy [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]; and…”

Deep brain stimulation modeling for several anatomical and electrical considerations

“…From the study of the effects, it was concluded that the benefits derived from DBS cover different motor symptoms and the quality of life [2].In another study, a simulation of three layers of neurons was developed by Tarparelli et al in order to analyze the activation of the surrounding tissue due DBS stimulation [3]. The simulation process was developed using a commercial software for neurologic modelling and the results allow an initial calibration of the parameters configuration of the DBS pulse [3].…”

“…The effects of DBS were subject of investigation in several works in order to assess the real improvement and side effects for Parkinson patient treatment [2] [3]. From the analysis developed over DBS in several works, it was concluded that benefits could cover brain diseases as psychiatric conditions, refractory epilepsy and dystonia [3].…”