Electromagnetic Flowmeter for Rapid Metering of Microfluidics Based on an Ag/AgCl/Porous Graphite Electrode Sensor

Abstract

The imposed interference by the signal electrodes limits the expansion of the measurement range in electromagnetic flow sensors (EFS). This is because the interference makes it difficult to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in the state of the microfluid. In this paper, an Ag/AgCl/porous graphite electrode sensor is successfully prepared by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. This enables a high-reliability and wide measurement range surveillance system, which is also maintenance-free and cost-effective and has a long lifetime. AgCl is facilely synthesized by a mild method, and our analysis and experiments show that as-prepared AgCl nanoparticles demonstrate a high crystalline level and high quality. Further system testing and experiments are also conducted on EFS in cases where the Ag/AgCl/porous graphite electrode sensor is set as the core. It is seen that, within the flow range of 0.003−4 m 3 /h, the induced electromotive force is linearly related to the flow rate of the fluid. The measurement accuracy of the EFS using the transient measurement method is below 1%, and its sensitivity is not affected by the fluid temperature.

Ag/AgX (X = Cl, Br, or I) Nanocomposite Loaded on Ag3PO4 Tetrapods as a Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Contaminants

“…While in the AAP sample, the two short peaks at 368.8 and 374.8 eV appear, ascribed to Ag 0 . Similarly, in the ternary composite samples XAA-10, the Ag 3d spectrum appears the shift the same as that of AAP. − The binding energy from the spectrum of P 2p in Figure b can be identified as P 5+ in PO 4 . The significant positive binding energy shift of the P 2p peak over AAP and XAA-10 compared with APO proves the construction of the Schottky junction between Ag 3 PO 4 and Ag, indicating that the Ag nanoparticles captured abundant electrons from Ag 3 PO 4 .…”

“…The slight difference of peak intensity in the Ag 3 PO 4 /Ag/AgI series may be due to the decomposition of small part of silver halide . As for the AgX, the characteristic diffraction peaks ascribed to (110), (200), (220), (311), and (222) facets, consistent with AgCl (Figure b). The five apparent peaks at 26.7, 31.0, 44.4, 55.0, and 64.5° contributed to the facets (111), (200), (220), (222), and (400), respectively, which originate from the AgBr (JCPDS card no.…”

“…25−27 The binding energy from the spectrum of P 2p in Figure 2b can be identified as P 5+ in PO 4 . 18 The significant positive binding energy shift of the P 2p peak over AAP and XAA-10 compared with APO proves the construction of the Schottky junction between Ag 3 PO 4 and Ag, 28 indicating that the Ag nanoparticles captured abundant electrons from Ag 3 PO 4 . 29 The peaks at 531.0 and 532.8 eV in the O 1s spectrum of APO could be attributed to the lattice-oxygen of Ag 3 PO 4 and absorbed hydroxyl oxygen, 30 respectively.…”

Motion Error Mechanism Analysis and Simulation Verification of Ocean Electric Field Sensor

“…This electrode captures the potential difference present in the seawater, transmuting it into an electrical signal which is subsequently subjected to post-processing and recording procedures. In comparison with alternative electrode types, the Ag/AgCl electrode presents distinct advantages such as heightened stability, facile preparation, and an extensive potential range [2][3][4] . Consequently, this electrode finds widespread utilization within the realm of oceanic electric field measurement.…”