Electrometric assay for the determination of acetylcholine using a sensitive sensor based on carbon paste

Carbon paste electrodes in the new millennium

“…Moreover, enantioselective potentiometric sensors based on carbon paste impregnated with various cyclodextrins were described [316][317][318]321]. CP-ISEs for ascorbic acid [322], acetylcholine [323], L-proline [321], cysteine [324,325], thioglycolic acid [326], or other organic thio-compounds [327] were also reported. Finally, one paper has dealt with a possibility to determine cetyltrimethylammonium ion [328], which is a popular in-situ modifier, including its combination with CPEs (again, see [40,41] and refs.…”

Carbon Paste- and PVC Membrane Electrodes as Sensitive Sensors for the Determination of Antidiabetic Drugs for Type 2 Diabetic Patients

“…TCP is the most frequently used plasticizer with the CPE because of its relatively high dielectric constant, and DOP is the most commonly used plasticizer with the PVC membrane electrode. 24 The electroactive materials which have been used to give ion-pairs with the different drugs are ammonium reineckate, Re, and tungstophosphate, T. Tungstophosphate was found to give stable ion-pairs with the four different drugs, R-T, P-T, Gle-T and Gly-T, whereas the reineckate gave a stable ion-pair, R-Re, with rosiglitazone only. The phthalate plasticizers are added to PVC to help the chains slide against each other, therefby, softening the PVC, which is capable absorbing high concentrations of plasticizer and retaining them much better than most polymers.…”

“…Among the plasticizers such as TCP, DOP and NPOE, the organic phosphate plasticizers, TCP, are the most commonly used in CPE, since the potential of the CPE is directly proportional to the dielectric constant of the solvent mediator. 24 Phthalate plasticizers, DOP, are the most commonly used in PVC, since the PVC polymer chains are attached to one another, forming a rigid structure. DOP helps the chains to slide over each other, softening the PVC which absorbs high concentrations of the plasticizers and retains them.…”

“…Carbon paste electrode, CPE, as a solid state sensor and polyvinyl chloride membrane, PVC, electrode, as a liquid membrane sensor were considered to be good ion-selective electrodes in potentiometric analysis. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In the present paper, two ISEs, the CPE and the PVC electrodes were constructed conveniently and economically in large numbers. To avoid surface poisoning, the electrode surface is easily renewed several times by polishing.…”

Potentiometric sensing of butyrylcholinesterase based on in situ generation and detection of substrates

“…direct N-HÁ Á ÁO and N-C-HÁ Á ÁO hydrogen bondings and van der Waals forces, b-CD was used as ionophore for the present electrode. 13 The emf response of the polymeric membrane electrode with 10 À3 M Buch as inner solution indicated a Nernstian slope of 57.4 AE 0.5 mV per decade in the range of 10 À1 -10 À6 M Buch. The selectivity of such a b-CD based ISE was characterized by using Bakker's method to evaluate the influence of the discriminated ions, for which the electrode was conditioned in 10 À3 M NaCl.…”