Electromigration behavior of silver thin film fabricated by electron-beam physical vapor deposition

Jin, Zhi; Shen, Yu-An; Huo, Fupeng; Chan, Y.C.; Nishikawa, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/s10853-021-05862-w

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To this end, the metallization of the polymer-based substrates can represent the potential solution to give them the above-mentioned properties. There exist various conventional methods such as PVD [34] or CVD [35,36], electroplating [37], electroforming [38], and thermal spraying processes that can be used for the surface metallization of polymers and FRPs [39]. However, these techniques suffer from a series of disadvantages, for instance, the high equipment and processing costs, and the size limitations of the workpieces are some of the drawbacks characterizing the former two.…”

Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold spray deposition of metallic coatings on polymers: a review

et al. 2021

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Cold spray deposition, which can be framed in the wider family of additive manufacturing, is a manufacturing technique that is able to produce coatings on diverse types of substrates through the deposition of feedstock powder. As a low-temperature process, cold spray represents a potential solution for the metallization of temperature-sensitive materials, i.e. polymers and polymer matrix composites. The study of the cold spray technology for the metallization of polymers is still in its early stage, and the deposition mechanisms of metals on polymer-based materials are not thoroughly understood yet. On these premises, a review on this topic is needed to systematically depict the actual state of the art and to provide a reliable and well-organized overview discussing all the theories arisen in these years. In summary, this review aims: i) to collect all the available literature and enucleate the most discussed and interesting points (the most prevailing theories regarding the bonding mechanisms, the influence of the different process parameters and the main characteristics of cold-sprayed coating), providing a reliable and well-organized state of the art; ii) to define the open questions and to delineate the directions of future work.

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Section: Literature Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold spray deposition of metallic coatings on polymers: a review

et al. 2021

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“…According to Huntington and Stahlmecke [31][32][33], the mass transport direction is determined by two competing forces: the wind force toward the anode (momentum transfer from electrons to ions) and the direct force toward the cathode (Lorentz force acting on ions in the electric field). There are controversial reports on the mass transport direction, where voids appear between the anode and cathode of conductive lines [8,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. These voids are known to be failure locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromigration failure in inkjet-printed Ag conductive lines

Jepiti¹,

Yoon²,

Kim³

2023

Flex. Print. Electron.

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Electromigration (EM) is crucial to the reliability of most conductive lines used in electronics. In the present study, the EM characteristics of inkjet-printed Ag conductive lines were analyzed under various EM acceleration conditions to comprehend the EM failure behaviors associated with inkjet-printed Ag lines with nanoparticle inks. The evolution of the porosity level in the microstructure of the inkjet-printed Ag lines during the EM test was investigated to locate the EM failure positions in the line and identify the main driving force for EM mass transport. Two theoretical models (resistometric and Black’s) were employed to analyze the activation energy and expected lifetime of inkjet-printed Ag lines. This study indicates that the EM of Ag cations is directed toward the cathode by the direct force resulting from the electric field–ion interaction, resulting in EM failure near the anode and hillock formation near the cathode of the inkjet-printed Ag lines. The activation energy computed from the theoretical models suggests that the surface diffusion of Ag through the inkjet-printed line plays an important part in the EM failure mechanism. This research was a pioneering attempt to experimentally investigate the EM performance of inkjet-printed Ag lines.

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