Electron beam curing of composites in North America

Berejka, Anthony J.; Eberle, Cliff

doi:10.1016/s0969-806x(01)00553-9

Cited by 82 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Prepreg, filament winding and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technologies using EB-curable epoxy resins were all demonstrated with success. The cost reduction associated with electron beam curing has been estimated to be between 10 to 50% for the aerospace industry 157 . Another advantage of EB-curing is its ability to combine several different resin systems in the same curing cycle.…”

Section: Curing Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative forming and fabrication technologies : new opportunities.

Davis¹,

Hryn²

2008

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Executive SummaryThe state of technology in the field of fabrication and materials forming is reviewed. The purpose of this work is to identify new fields of Research & Development (R&D) that can lead to a significant reduction in energy consumption. This report, based on an extensive literature survey, identifies sheet aluminum alloy manufacturing, forming, and applications as a core aspect, but also highlights other types of sheet metal alloys and materials.This study found that aluminum alloy sheet manufacturing by the direct chill (DC) casting process is a mature technology where only marginal energy savings can be expected. Energy savings in this field can be accomplished mainly by individual plant wide assessments of energy consumption followed by optimization work. A possible breakthrough would come from advanced melting techniques such as plasma heating. As well, immersion heaters were recently identified as showing potential. An emerging technology in sheet manufacturing is spray rolling. The process could save 4.6x1012 kJ per year of energy for the U.S. aluminum industry. Even though the process has been proven to be technically feasible, the industrial implementation of spray rolling might need a significant effort. Improvements to the twin-roll casting process by coupling it with rheocasting could be an interesting method that would be easier to implement on the industrial scale.Extensive research has been performed to develop processes capable of forming commercial aluminum alloys for applications in the automotive industry. The following processes are considered advanced forming technologies: superplastic forming, electromagnetic forming, age forming, warm forming, and hydroforming. They are not necessarily new but can be regarded as emerging technologies with respect to their application to aluminum alloys. Superplastic forming is already being used industrially; however, simple and inexpensive manufacturing methods for the production of superplastic aluminum sheets still require further development. Any breakthrough in the forming of sheet materials will most likely come from the development of new alloys with very high formability at low temperature or the development of processing techniques to improve formability of existing alloys that will relax the stringent requirements of the forming techniques themselves. To have significant achievements in alloy development, thermodynamic models must be developed (or improved). The recent developments in quantum physics applied to aluminum alloys could pave the way for very efficient alloy development.Aluminum alloys are currently the material of choice to reduce weight in the automotive industry because of their commercial availability and the maturity of the aluminum industry. Opportunities still exist in the field of lightweight materials having high specific strength. Among those materials are magnesium alloys. Magnesium alloys could allow for further weight savings but high formability and high corrosion resistant alloys must be developed to overc...

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Section: Curing Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative forming and fabrication technologies : new opportunities.

Davis¹,

Hryn²

2008

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“…In the present, thermosetting resins can be cured by different techniques including heating, UV radiation and electron beam [4][5][6]. In conventional thermal processing, energy is transferred to the material from the surfaces that can produce inhomogeneous heating and in consequence induce internal stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of reinforced composites processed by microwave radiation using fiber-Bragg gratings

et al. 2014

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The use of microwave radiation for curing carbon-fiber reinforced polymer materials (CFRP) can solve the nonhomogeneous heating problems when using conventional techniques based on the use of catalysts and can reduce the processing times. Optical fiber sensors have well-known advantages for Fiber Reinforced Composites (FRC) monitoring. In this paper fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are used for online monitoring of the residual stress and distortions produced during the microwave curing process. The CFRP samples are composed by layers of unidirectional carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The results show a very different behavior between the direction of carbon fibers and the perpendicular direction. Results are compared with the conventional processing technique

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“…The automated fiber placement technology is being widely used for manufacturing large and complex composite structures. However, the traditional autoclave based thermal curing method shows some drawbacks, which are difficult to overcome with the increasing of size and thickness of composites parts [1][2][3], such as the non-uniform and incomplete curing of parts with large residual stresses because of the unavoidable temperature gradient in thermal curing; the size restrictions for the composite parts because of the autoclave volume; the high cost of autoclave with high energy consumption at long curing time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for glass-fiber reinforced composites manufacturing: Automated fiber placement with in-situ UV curing

Abulizi

Duan

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM)

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Automated fiber placement(AFP) is being widely used for producing large and complex composite structures, and ultraviolet(UV) curing has been proved as a good alternative to traditional thermal curing as a low-cost and environmentfriendly curing method. A new manufacturing method combining AFP and UV in-situ curing was presented in this paper to manufacture glass fiber reinforced composites for large scale composite structures, especially with thick curing depth.A robot-based fiber placement machine integrating UV-LED for the in-situ curing was developed and a flat panel was fabricated with this method. UV transmission characteristic of single composite layer was obtained and preliminary researches about the effects of UV exposure on laminate performance have been conducted. The results showed that laminates fabricated by the in-situ curing process shows better interlaminar properties when the degree of polymerization is about 67.7% for the first cured layer with the incident UV irradiance. Finally, some key issues concerning the process are discussed.

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Electron beam curing of composites in North America

Cited by 82 publications

References 6 publications

Innovative forming and fabrication technologies : new opportunities.

Innovative forming and fabrication technologies : new opportunities.

Monitoring of reinforced composites processed by microwave radiation using fiber-Bragg gratings

A new method for glass-fiber reinforced composites manufacturing: Automated fiber placement with in-situ UV curing

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