Electron beam irradiation for enhancing the properties of natural rubber latex

Purbaya, Mili; Kobayashi, Takaomi; Thamrongsiripak, Nuatawan; Hayichelaeh, Chesidi; Boonkerd, Kanoktip

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111193

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although sulfur is commonly used in sulfur vulcanization, no study has explored its potential as a sensitizer in EB vulcanization. Our previous study has shown that vulcanization of NR compounds by EBI results in superior mechanical properties and higher crosslink density compared with conventional thermal vulcanization 34 . Therefore, we propose using sulfur as a sensitizer for EB vulcanization of NR latex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous study has shown that vulcanization of NR compounds by EBI results in superior mechanical properties and higher crosslink density compared with conventional thermal vulcanization. 34 Therefore, we propose using sulfur as a sensitizer for EB vulcanization of NR latex. This study focused solely on sulfur without any additional additives and assessed the effect of sulfur concentrations (2 and 3 phr) on various rubber properties, including mechanical properties, swelling in a solvent, and crosslink density.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sulfur as an effective sensitizer for natural rubber vulcanized via electron beam irradiation

Purbaya,

Kobayashi,

Thamrongsiripak

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A sensitizer or crosslinking promoter must be utilized to improve electron beam irradiation (EBI) vulcanization and achieve optimal results. This work investigated the effect of sensitizers, that is, sulfur and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPT), on the properties of EBI‐vulcanized natural rubber (NR). The experiments focused on analyzing the effect of different amounts of sensitizers, that is, 2 and 3 phr, on the swelling, crosslink density, entanglement, and mechanical properties of NR latex. A sample without sensitizers was taken as a reference. Results revealed that the crosslink density of the samples with sensitizers had improved compared with that of the sample without a sensitizer. The sample with sulfur exhibited higher crosslink density than the NR with TMPT. The sulfur‐containing NR exhibited superior mechanical properties, i.e., modulus, tensile strength, and tear strength, as its crosslink density increased. In addition, increasing the sulfur content reduced the crosslink density of the NR latex, resulting in inferior mechanical properties. Furthermore, the different forms, that is, latex and film, of NR were compared. The latex form revealed higher crosslink density than the film form, thus presenting high mechanical properties because it contained water, which could induce the formation of free radical species and enhance crosslinking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Sulfur as an effective sensitizer for natural rubber vulcanized via electron beam irradiation

Purbaya,

Kobayashi,

Thamrongsiripak

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

Self Cite

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Optimizing Sulfur Vulcanization for Enhanced Mechanical Performance of Hevea Latex-Dipped Film: Insights from AFM PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping

Payungwong,

Cheng,

Nakajima

et al. 2024

Chin J Polym Sci

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Optimizing laser 3D printing parameters for customized rubber latex health shoe insoles

Chansoda,

Chookaew,

Suvanjumrat

2024

Prog Addit Manuf

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This research explores the use of additive manufacturing, specifically laser 3D printing, to create customized health shoe insoles from natural rubber latex, following ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 standards. By blending natural rubber latex with additives and dispensing the mixture through a syringe nozzle, the process allows for precise extrusion control, while a laser beam cures the latex in real time. Key process parameters—including laser power, beam angle, source distance, nozzle diameter, extrusion rate, and printing speed—were systematically optimized to ensure high precision and efficiency. Additionally, aesthetic properties, such as color and raster angle, were considered to enhance the product’s visual appeal. Mechanical testing, compliant with ISO 37:2024, validated the durability and performance of the printed rubber specimens. Optimal settings of 10 W for laser power, a 45-degree beam angle, 50 mm source distance, 0.85 mm nozzle diameter, 60 mm/s printing speed, and 0.03 mm3/s extrusion rate were determined, while adding 1% v/v blue pigment further improved the material’s ultimate strength. The curing process, maintained between 80 °C and 90 °C to avoid degradation, enabled the production of a US size 7.5 insole in under 24 h. This innovative approach significantly reduces production time and cost, offering a scalable and efficient solution for the manufacturing of customized rubber products through additive manufacturing.

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Electron beam irradiation for enhancing the properties of natural rubber latex

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Sulfur as an effective sensitizer for natural rubber vulcanized via electron beam irradiation

Sulfur as an effective sensitizer for natural rubber vulcanized via electron beam irradiation

Optimizing Sulfur Vulcanization for Enhanced Mechanical Performance of Hevea Latex-Dipped Film: Insights from AFM PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping

Optimizing laser 3D printing parameters for customized rubber latex health shoe insoles

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