Electron Generation in Water Induced by Magnetic Effect and Its Impact on Dissolved Oxygen Concentration

Abstract

pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important water parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these water parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these water parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these water parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on water’s pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnet arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration by +3.51%, -6.89% and +5.62%, respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000-1500 Gauss magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1-0.5 mL/s. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.50 × 1013 number of electrons generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favour formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress.

A study on the effect of using magnetized water in dilution of the milt of Black Sea trout ( Salmo trutta labrax ) on sperm motility

“…The increased magnetic field intensity and exposure time also increased the relative conductivity of water and decreased its surface tension (Cai et al, 2009; Ibrahim, 2006). The dissolved oxygen concentration, pH degree and concentrations of alkaline increased in the water due to the effect of the magnetic field, while the water oxidation–reduction potential decreased (Karkush et al, 2019; Yap et al, 2021). The nature of water which is used as for sperm activation medium during fertilization has a direct effect and indirect effect on kinematic parameters and duration time of spermatozoa motility.…”

No evidence for collateral effects of electromagnetic fields used to increase dissolved oxygen levels on the behavior and physiology of freshwater fishes

“…Chemical approaches to increasing DO levels are limited to small, closed systems and thus far have shown to be largely ineffective (e.g., Dunalska et al, 2015). During the last decade, there have been developments that use magnetic or electric (i.e., electromagnetic) fields (EMFs) to increase DO concentrations in freshwater systems and they are showing promising outcomes (e.g., Hassan & Rahman, 2016; Yap et al, 2021; Yin et al, 2011). However, given that the use of such technology involves altering electrical charges in freshwater ecosystems, there are concerns regarding their potential collateral effects on aquatic organisms that need to be evaluated before full‐scale field applications in natural waterbodies can be approved.…”