Electron impact ionization of atomic clusters in ultraintense laser fields

Extreme ionization of Xe clusters driven by ultraintense laser fields

“…1 The response of elemental and molecular clusters to nearinfrared ultraintense laser fields ͑peak intensity I M =10 15 -10 20 W cm −2 , temporal width = 10-100 fs͒ drives novel ionization processes and manifests new features of electron dynamics 2,3,7,8,[16][17][18][21][22][23][24] on the time scale of Ͻ1 -100 fs. 2,3,10,11,16,17,[21][22][23]26,29,32,33 Extreme multielectron ionization of elemental and molecular clusters, e.g., Ar n , [3][4][5][6][7][37][38][39][40] Xe n , 2,3,5,13,15,26,35,38 ͑H 2 ͒ n , 41 ͑D 2 ͒ n , 42-45 ͑H 2 O͒ n , 34,46 ͑D 2 O͒ n , 27,34 ͑CH 4 ͒ n , 30 ͑CD 4 ͒ n , 20,30,47 and ͑HI͒ n , 46,48,…”

“…2,3,10,11,16,17,[21][22][23] Inner ionization results in the formation of a charged, energetic nanoplasma within the cluster or in its vicinity, which is followed by the partial or complete outer ionization of the nanoplasma. 4,6,9,[21][22][23][24]26,29,32,45,50,58,59 Microscopic models for the cluster inner ionization level were based on the barrier suppression ionization ͑BSI͒ model. 3,15,16,21,22,26,29,33,52,53 Cluster multielectron ionization, nanoplasma dynamics and response were explored by theoretical models 2,3,6,7,[16][17][18]21,23,32,33,36,38,[54][55][56]…”

“…2,3,10,11,16,17,[21][22][23]26,29,32,33 Extreme multielectron ionization of elemental and molecular clusters, e.g., Ar n , [3][4][5][6][7][37][38][39][40] Xe n , 2,3,5,13,15,26,35,38 ͑H 2 ͒ n , 41 ͑D 2 ͒ n , 42-45 ͑H 2 O͒ n , 34,46 ͑D 2 O͒ n , 27,34 ͑CH 4 ͒ n , 30 ͑CD 4 ͒ n , 20,30,47 and ͑HI͒ n , 46,48,49 leads to the production of highly charged ions or nuclei, e.g., H + and D + , [7][8][9]11,20,22,23,30,50 O q+ ͑q =6-8͒, 9,27,51 C q+ ͑q =4-6͒, 20,…”

“…3,15,16,21,22,26,29,33,52,53 Cluster multielectron ionization, nanoplasma dynamics and response were explored by theoretical models 2,3,6,7,[16][17][18]21,23,32,33,36,38,[54][55][56][57] and by computer simulations. 10,11,14,21,29 Elemental Xe n clusters constitute a benchmark system for experimental 5,13,15,35,52,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] and theoretical 2,3,[9][10][11]…”

Statistical model of radiation damage within an atomic cluster irradiated by photons from free-electron-laser

“…The Boltzmann method is a promising alternative to the first-principles Monte Carlo (MC) or Molecular Dynamics (MD) methods which are commonly used [Neutze et al, 2000, Jurek et al, 2004, Heidenreich et al, 2005. MC/MD algorithms become computationally inefficient if the number of particles, N, is large.…”