Electron microscopic study on the epiplexus (Kolmer) cells of the cat choroid plexus

Carpenter, Stanley J.; McCarthy, Lawrence E.; Borison, Herbert L.

doi:10.1007/bf00330099

Cited by 101 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The choroid plexus of the encephalic lateral ventricles of the monkey Cebus apella apella at scanning electron microscopy is similar to that in other primates 18 , as well as to that in other species of mammals mainly cats 9,16 and rats 11 , and also humans 12 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Those cells have their origin from cell elements of the estroma of connective tissue 19,20 . Carpenter et al 16 proposed that monocytes crossed the choroid blood vessels and then penetrate in the space of connective tissue, being then macrophages and consequently crossed the choroid epithelium to become "epiplexus cells".…”

Section: Figs 1 and 2 Choroid Plexus Of The Lateral Ventricles Showimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the last century, several authors (Faivre, 1853; Luschka, 1855; and Claisse & Levi, 1897) 1,4 have attributed to the choroid plexus, among other functions, an outstanding participation in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which surrounds the central nervous system. In spite of its important function and although it has been described thoroughly in several species of mammals, the choroid plexus is a structure which has not been studied in primates [16][17][18] . Thus, the objective of the present investigation was to examine the choroid plexus of the monkey Cebus apella apella by scanning electron microscopy for better describe and compare this organ to that of other species of mammals, mainly the human.…”

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Scanning electron microscopy study of the choroid plexus in the monkey (Cebus apella apella)

Tâmega

Tirapelli

Petroni

2000

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-The cells of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles of the monkey Cebus apella apella were examined through scanning electron microscopy at contributing to the description of such structures in primates. The animals were anesthetized previously with 3% hypnol intraperitoneally and after perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, samples of the choroid plexus were collected after exhibition of the central portion and inferior horn of the lateral ventricles. The ventricular surface of those cells presents globose form as well as fine interlaced protrusions named microvilli. Among those, it is observed the presence of some cilia. Resting on the choroid epithelial cells there is a variable number of free cells, with fine prolongations which extend from them. They are probably macrophages and have been compared to Kolmer cells or epiplexus cells, located on choroid epithelium. The choroid plexus of the encephalic lateral ventricles of the monkey Cebus apella apella at scanning electron microscopy is similar to that of other primates, as well as to that of other species of mammals mainly cats and rats, and also humans.KEY WORDS: choroid plexus, monkey, scanning electron microscopy.Estudo do plexo coróide no macaco (Cebus apella apella) ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura RESUMO -As células do plexo coróide dos ventrículos laterais do macaco-prego (Cebus apella apella) foram examinadas ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura com o objetivo de melhor descrever e comparar este órgão ao de outras espécies de mamíferos, principalmente o homem. Inicialmente, os animais foram previamente anestesiados com hipnol a 3% intraperitonealmente e após perfusão com glutaraldeído 2,5%, amostras dos plexos coróides foram coletadas após exibição da porção central e corno inferior dos ventrículos laterais. A superfície ventricular dessas células apresenta forma globosa e a presença de finas protrusões entrelaçadas denominadas microvilosidades. Entre estas, observam-se alguns cílios. Repousando sobre as células epiteliais coróides está presente um número variável de células livres com finos prolongamentos que delas se estendem. São provavelmente macrófagos e têm sido comparadas com as células de Kolmer ou do epiplexo, localizadas sobre o epitélio coróide. O plexo coróide dos ventrículos encefálicos laterais do macaco Cebus apella apella ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura é similar ao de outros primatas, assim como de outras espécies de mamíferos, principalmente gatos e ratos, e também de humanos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: plexo coróide, macaco, microscópio eletrônico de varredura.The discovery of the choroid plexus of the encephalic ventricles was attributed by Galeno to Herophilus (335-280 a.C.) who named them "chorioid menix". Rufos of Ephesus suggested the term "chorioid tunic" to describe the ependyma as the choroid plexus 1 . Later, the choroid plexus was studied at light and electron microscope levels in different animals and by several authors [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Figs 1 and 2 Choroid Plexus Of The Lateral Ventricles Showimentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scanning electron microscopy study of the choroid plexus in the monkey (Cebus apella apella)

Tâmega

Tirapelli

Petroni

2000

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Mestres and Breipohl (1976) or Sturrock (1988) consider these cells as glial cells capable of movement not only on the ependymal surface but also on the PCH. Other authors reported on their haematogenic origin (Carpenter et al 1970;Kit amura 1973;Ling 1983;Boya et al 1986;Maxwell and McGadey 1988). Bienzle et al (1995) have described the haematopoietic activity in the PCH of the fourth ventricle of adult dogs possibly following the impairment of blood vessels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors focused on the description of the structure of epiplexal (Kolmer's) cells (EPC) or their classification and origin (Carpenter et al 1970;Kitamura 1973;Sturrock 1978;Maxwell and McGadey 1988). There is no record on the plexus chorioideus in the adult goat in the literature.…”

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The Plexus Chorioideus in the Adult Goat: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study

Rajtová¹

2000

Acta Vet. Brno

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The surface of plexus chorioideus of the fourth, third and lateral ventricle and in the region of the foramen interventriculare of adult goats of both sexes was studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the convex apical membranes on the whole surface of the plexus chorioideus are covered with microvilli or microvillus-like structures. The presence of cilia was not recorded. Abundant spherical protrusions occurred in the region of lateral cerebral ventricle, and were almost absent in the region of the foramen interventriculare. The epiplexal cells occurred in the fourth and lateral ventricle only sporadically; they could be seen in higher number in the third ventricle and in the region the foramen interventriculare. Some epiplexal cells had a large number of filiform processes; most of these macrophage-like cells had only 3-5 pseudopodia with "ruffled" membranes. No differences which would be connected with sex or season were found in the structure of the plexus chorioideus.

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Origin, nature, and some functional considerations of intraventricular macrophages, with special reference to the epiplexus cells

Ling

Kaur

1998

Microsc. Res. Tech.

103

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Intraventricular macrophages encompass the supraependymal, free‐floating, and epiplexus (Kolmer) cells; the supraependymal cells lie in close apposition to the ventricular ependyma, the epiplexus cells are closely associated with the choroid plexus epithelium, and the free‐floating cells are at a variable distance from the epithelial surface. Although the three cell types are regarded as one cellular entity, the epiplexus cells preponderate. On scanning electron microscopy, the epiplexus cells display diverse morphological forms, ranging from round to bipolar to stellate, and bear a variable number of cytoplasmic processes. Transmission electron microscopy shows the presence of large numbers of lysosomes. The phagocytic nature of epiplexus cells is shown by their intense staining for nonspecific esterase and active uptake of tracers, e.g., horseradish peroxidase and rhodamine isothiocynate, administered intravenously or intraperitoneally. The mode of entry of these tracers in the cerebral ventricles is by way of transepithelial transport. In rats, the population of intraventricular macrophages increases steadily after birth until 17 days of age; thereafter, their cell population remains relatively unchanged. The early upsurge is attributed to proliferation of residential cells and/or influx of circulating monocytes/stromal macrophages through the process of “emperipolesis.” The immunophenotypic features of intraventricular macrophages are consistent with other mononuclear phagocytes being immunoreactive for OX‐42, OX‐18, OX‐6, and OX‐1 and ED1 for the detection of CR3 receptors, MHC class I and II antigens, leucocyte common antigen, and macrophage antigen, respectively. The expression of these antigens is noticeably enhanced following the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into postnatal rats. Remarkably, the intraventricular macrophages are induced to express MHC class II (Ia) antigen after LPS or interferon‐γ injections. Furthermore, the expression of transferrin receptors as detected with OX‐26 is also upregulated after these treatments. Epiplexus cells are also elicited to display a de novo expression of nitric oxide synthase‐like immunoreactivity following intracerebral injection of LPS. They also respond vigorously to a single nonpenetrative blast. Results of our series of studies suggest that, besides their primary function as scavenger cells, the intraventricular macrophages partake in possible immunological responses and iron regulation in the ventricular system or the brain as a whole. Microsc. Res. Tech. 41:43–56, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Electron microscopic study on the epiplexus (Kolmer) cells of the cat choroid plexus

Cited by 101 publications

References 27 publications

Scanning electron microscopy study of the choroid plexus in the monkey (Cebus apella apella)

Scanning electron microscopy study of the choroid plexus in the monkey (Cebus apella apella)

The Plexus Chorioideus in the Adult Goat: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study

Origin, nature, and some functional considerations of intraventricular macrophages, with special reference to the epiplexus cells

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