Electron microscopical studies on the genesis of white adipocytes: Differentiation of immature pericytes into adipocytes in transplanted preadipose tissue

Iyama, Ken‐ichi; Ohzono, Kenji; Usuku, Gentaro

doi:10.1007/bf02889932

Cited by 70 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Closer inspection revealed that new adipocytes formed only along the vasculature ( 18 ) ( Fig. 1 ), extending earlier reports linking vascularization and fat formation ( 19 ) and foreshadowing our current realization that some preadipocytes reside in a perivascular niche (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Subsequent studies confi rmed the existence of a mitotically active cell population in WAT ( 7 ), and that WAT expansion is associated with increases in total DNA content and adipocyte number ( 26 ).…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Enters the World Of Multipotent Stem Cellssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…1 ); hence, the possibility that preadipocytes derive from pericytes has long been proposed ( 20 ). The more-recent progress in ASC characterization further supports this possibility.…”

Section: Committed Preadipocytes Are Perivascular Cellsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Decades of histological studies have suggested a close association between the vasculature and adipocyte progenitors ( 18,20,194 ) ( Fig. 1 ); hence, the possibility that preadipocytes derive from pericytes has long been proposed ( 20 ).…”

Section: Committed Preadipocytes Are Perivascular Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Cawthorn

Scheller

MacDougald

2012

Journal of Lipid Research

373

323

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with ill health. Such stigmatization distracts from a fascinating aspect of WAT biology: its enormous plasticity as an organ. Indeed, WAT is capable of massive expansion and contraction in response to chronic alterations in energy balance, accounting for as little as 5% body mass in extremely lean athletes ( 1 ) or as much as 60% body mass in morbidly obese individuals ( 2 ). Moreover in rodents, rabbits, and humans, WAT can regenerate following lipectomy ( 3-6 ). This striking degree of plasticity is unique among organs in adults. On a cellular level, WAT expansion is driven by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes ( 7-13 ). Even in nonexpanding WAT, adipocytes renew frequently to compensate for adipocyte death, with approximately 10% of adipocytes renewed annually ( 14,15 ). These data, which indicate that committed adipocyte progenitors (preadipocytes) exist within WAT, are the product of decades of research motivated largely by our desire to understand adipose tissue in the context of obesity and related diseases. Preadipocytes exist in adipose tissueThough the notion of obesity as a disease has existed since at least the time of Hippocrates ( 16 ), investigation into the origins of the adipocyte and the individual contributions of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia to adipose bulk began in earnest only after the appearance of the stem cell concept, as related to blood cells, in the early 1900s ( 17 ). In the 1940s, histologic observations of the appearance of adipocytes in chambers implanted in the ears of live rabbits suggested that de novo fat formation was Abstract White adipose tissue (WAT) is perhaps the most plastic organ in the body, capable of regeneration following surgical removal and massive expansion or contraction in response to altered energy balance. Research conducted for over 70 years has investigated adipose tissue plasticity on a cellular level, spurred on by the increasing burden that obesity and associated diseases are placing on public health globally. This work has identifi ed committed preadipocytes in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue and led to our current understanding that adipogenesis is important not only for WAT expansion, but also for maintenance of adipocyte numbers under normal metabolic states. At the turn of the millenium, studies investigating preadipocyte differentiation collided with developments in stem cell research, leading to the discovery of multipotent stem cells within WAT. Such adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are capable of differentiating into numerous cell types of both mesodermal and nonmesodermal origin, leading to their extensive investigation from a therapeutic and tissue engineering perspective. However, the insights gained through studying ASCs have also contributed to more-recent progress in attempts to better characterize committed preadipocytes in adipose tissue. Thus, ASC research has gone back to its roots, thereby expanding our knowledge of preadipocyte commitment and adipose tissue biology. -Cawthorn, W. P., E. ...

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Section: Adipose Tissue Enters the World Of Multipotent Stem Cellssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…1 ); hence, the possibility that preadipocytes derive from pericytes has long been proposed ( 20 ). The more-recent progress in ASC characterization further supports this possibility.…”

Section: Committed Preadipocytes Are Perivascular Cellsmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Cawthorn

Scheller

MacDougald

2012

Journal of Lipid Research

373

323

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Light and electron microscopy studies performed in the 1970s suggested that pericytes [ perivascular cells enveloping blood capillaries, also referred to as vascular smooth muscle cells, mural cells or Rouget cells (Bergers and Song, 2005;Hirschi and D'Amore, 1996)] of capillaries in rat eWAT could differentiate into preadipocytes (Iyama et al, 1979), which was subsequently confirmed by others (Cinti et al, 1984). This is in line with the above discussed data given that mesenchymal stem cells have been suggested to be a subset of pericytes (Caplan, 2008;Cawthorn et al, 2012;Crisan et al, 2008;da Silva Meirelles et al, 2008;Traktuev et al, 2008) (Fig.…”

Section: Pericytesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Schoettl

Fischer

Ussar

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

176

139

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Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.

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“…After activation and migration from the capillary basement membrane, they would differentiate into immature adipocytes with small lipid droplet inclusions [118][119][120][121].…”

Section: Adipogenic Pericytes Do Not Form Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Pericytes in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Fat Accumulation

Birbrair

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2013

Stem Cells and Development

258

225

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Stem cells ensure tissue regeneration, while overgrowth of adipogenic cells may compromise organ recovery and impair function. In myopathies and muscle atrophy associated with aging, fat accumulation increases dysfunction, and after chronic injury, the process of fatty degeneration, in which muscle is replaced by white adipocytes, further compromises tissue function and environment. Some studies suggest that pericytes may contribute to muscle regeneration as well as fat formation. This work reports the presence of two pericyte subpopulations in the skeletal muscle and characterizes their specific roles. Skeletal muscle from Nestin-GFP/ NG2-DsRed mice show two types of pericytes, Nestin-GFP-/NG2-DsRed + (type-1) and Nestin-GFP + /NG2-DsRed + (type-2), in close proximity to endothelial cells. We also found that both Nestin-GFP-/NG2-DsRed + and Nestin-GFP + /NG2-DsRed + cells colocalize with staining of two pericyte markers, PDGFRb and CD146, but only type-1 pericyte express the adipogenic progenitor marker PDGFRa. Type-2 pericytes participate in muscle regeneration, while type-1 contribute to fat accumulation. Transplantation studies indicate that type-1 pericytes do not form muscle in vivo, but contribute to fat deposition in the skeletal muscle, while type-2 pericytes contribute only to the new muscle formation after injury, but not to the fat accumulation. Our results suggest that type-1 and type-2 pericytes contribute to successful muscle regeneration which results from a balance of myogenic and nonmyogenic cells activation.

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Electron microscopical studies on the genesis of white adipocytes: Differentiation of immature pericytes into adipocytes in transplanted preadipose tissue

Cited by 70 publications

References 11 publications

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Role of Pericytes in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Fat Accumulation

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