Electron–positron pair plasma in TXS 0506+056 and the ‘neutrino flare’ in 2014–2015

Fraija, N.; Aguilar-Ruiz, E.; Galván-Gaméz, A.

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2284

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The photosphere occurs at a compact radius of the order of Schwarzschild radius 𝑅 g ≈ 1.5 × 10 14 cm (𝑀 • /10 9 𝑀 ), and the released radiation is very anisotropic where the greater contribution is confined within a solid angle Ω pl 0.2𝜋. Here, we assume the emission's shape is very narrow such that a delta approximation can describe its photon distribution as (Fraĳa et al 2020)…”

Section: Annihilation Linementioning

confidence: 99%

“…where 𝐾 𝑝 is the normalization constant, 𝛼 𝑝 is the proton spectral index and 𝜀 𝑝,min and 𝜀 𝑝,max correspond to the minimum and maximum energies in the comoving frame, respectively. Due to relativistic effect photons between the pair-plasma and the inner blob frames (electromagnetic emission from the pair-plasma are redshifted in the inner blob frame), the energy and energy density become (see, Fraĳa et al 2020)…”

Section: The Inner Blobmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…respectively, where Γ rel is the relative Lorentz factor between the pairplasma and the inner blob (see equation 1). Therefore, we expect the interaction between accelerated protons with photons coming from the pair-plasma via photohadronic processes, i.e., photopion and photopair interaction, to produce gamma-rays peaking at TeV energies besides secondary leptons as electrons and neutrinos (Fraĳa et al 2020).…”

Section: The Inner Blobmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Two-Zone Model as origin of Hard TeV Spectrum in Extreme BL Lacs

Aguilar-Ruiz,

Fraija,

Galvan-Gamez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The emission of the so-called extreme BL Lacs poses challenges to the particle acceleration models. The hardness of their spectrum, 2, in the high-energy band demands unusual parameters using the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model with a deficient magnetized plasma. Some authors use either two-zone or hadronic/lepto-hadronic models to relax these atypical values. In this work, we present a lepto-hadronic two-zone model to explain the multi-wavelength observations of the six best-known extreme BL Lacs. The very-high-energy gamma-ray observations are described by the photo-hadronic processes in a blob close to the AGN core and by SSC and external inverse Compton-processes in an outer blob. The photo-hadronic interactions occur when accelerated protons in the inner blob interact with annihilation line photons from a sub-relativistic pair plasma. The X-ray observations are described by synchrotron radiation from the outer blob. The parameter values found from the description of the spectral energy distribution for each object with our phenomenological model are similar to each other, and lie in the typical range reported in BL Lacs.

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Section: Annihilation Linementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Inner Blobmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Inner Blobmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Two-Zone Model as origin of Hard TeV Spectrum in Extreme BL Lacs

Aguilar-Ruiz,

Fraija,

Galvan-Gamez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…We propose the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory [10] (SWGO) as a nextgeneration WCD instrument that will provide this observational coverage of the Southern sky with nearly continuous up-time and an instantaneous field of view (FoV) of ∼2 sr at energies from 100 GeV to above hundreds of TeV from a site in the Andes mountains of South America. The world-leading limits on fundamental physics and new TeV sources and source class discoveries of HAWC [428,429,[431][432][433][434][435][436][437][438][439][440][441][442][443][444][445][446][447], the excellent sensitivity expected from LHAASO at the highest energies [448], and the lessons learned from both HAWC and LHAASO will inform the SWGO design, opening new opportunities for searches of gamma-ray sources in the Southern sky up to the PeV energy range.…”

Section: Snowmass2021 Cf07 Gamma-ray Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Gamma-Ray Experiments in the MeV-EeV Range

Engel¹,

Goodman²,

Huentemeyer³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Naturally occurring particle accelerators shine brightly throughout the universe, inviting us to discover fundamental laws and hone our theories if we look in their directions with the right detectors. Gamma-rays, the most energetic photons, carry information from the far reaches of extragalactic space with minimal interaction or loss of information. They bring messages about particle acceleration in environments so extreme they cannot be reproduced on earth for a closer look. Gamma-ray astrophysics is so complementary with collider work that particle physicists and astroparticle physicists are often one in the same.Gamma-ray instruments, especially the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, have been pivotal in major multi-messenger discoveries over the past decade. There is presently a great deal of interest and scientific expertise available to push forward new technologies, to plan and build space-and ground-based gamma-ray facilities, and to build multimessenger networks with gamma rays at their core. It is therefore concerning that before the community comes together for planning exercises again, much of that infrastructure could be lost to a lack of long-term planning for support of gamma-ray astrophysics. Gamma-rays with energies from the MeV to the EeV band are therefore central to multiwavelength and multi-messenger studies to everything from astroparticle physics with compact objects, to dark matter studies with diffuse large scale structure.These science goals and the excitement of new discoveries have generated a wave of new gamma-ray facility proposals and programs. Since the legacy of existing facilities is well covered in many other places, this paper highlights new and proposed gamma-ray technologies and facilities that have each been designed to address specific needs in the measurement of extreme astrophysical sources that probe some of the most pressing questions in fundamental physics for the next decade. The proposed instrumentation would also address the priorities laid out in the recent Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Astro2020), a complementary study by the astrophysics community that provides opportunities also relevant to Snowmass.

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“…The design will build on the technology and successes of the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory [847], which also inspired the Large High-Altitude Air-Shower Observatory (LHAASO) [99]. Since 2015, HAWC has discovered new TeV sources and source classes, set new world-leading limits on dark matter decay and annihilation, and played a crucial role in multi-messenger observations [3,[848][849][850][851][852][853][854][855][856][857][858][859][860][861][862][863][864][865]. Like HAWC, SWGO is planned to be a ground-based array of water Cherenkov detectors (WCDs) that detect particles in extensive air showers created by incident gamma rays in the upper atmosphere with a duty cycle of ∼100%.…”

Section: The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing the Landscape of Multimessenger Science in the Next Decade

Engel¹,

Lewis²,

Muzio³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The last decade has brought about a profound transformation in multimessenger science. Ten years ago, facilities had been built or were under construction that would eventually discover the nature of objects in our universe could be detected through multiple messengers. Nonetheless, multimessenger science was hardly more than a dream. The rewards for our foresight were finally realized through IceCube's discovery of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, the first observation of gravitational waves by LIGO, and the first joint detections in gravitational waves and photons and in neutrinos and photons. Today we live in the dawn of the multimessenger era.The successes of the multimessenger campaigns of the last decade have pushed multimessenger science to the forefront of priority science areas in both the particle physics and the astrophysics communities. Multimessenger science provides new methods of testing fundamental theories about the nature of matter and energy, particularly in conditions that are not reproducible on Earth. This white paper will present the science and facilities that will provide opportunities for the particle physics community renew its commitment and maintain its leadership in multimessenger science.

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Electron–positron pair plasma in TXS 0506+056 and the ‘neutrino flare’ in 2014–2015

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

A Two-Zone Model as origin of Hard TeV Spectrum in Extreme BL Lacs

A Two-Zone Model as origin of Hard TeV Spectrum in Extreme BL Lacs

The Future of Gamma-Ray Experiments in the MeV-EeV Range

Advancing the Landscape of Multimessenger Science in the Next Decade

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