Electron storage ring BESSY as a source of calculable spectral photon flux in the x-ray region

Arnold, D.; Ulm, G.

doi:10.1063/1.1143015

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This identity was used in previous work to derive, on the assumption that W does not depend on the photon energy, an average value of Wϭ(3.68Ϯ0.07) eV 20,21 for the photon energy range from 50 eV to 3 keV by using the second method with undispersed synchrotron radiation of BESSY as a primary source standard. 22 The determination of the dependence of W on photon energy from the spectral responsivity of photodiodes has suffered up to now from a lack of accurate detectors. The use of the CESR to measure the radiant power for the first time allowed W(h) to be accurately determined by this method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean energy required to produce an electron-hole pair in silicon for photons of energies between 50 and 1500 eV

Scholze¹,

Rabus²,

Ulm³

1998

Journal of Applied Physics

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138

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The photon energy dependence of the mean energy W required to produce an electron-hole pair in silicon for photons with energies between 50 and 1500 eV was determined from the spectral responsivity of selected silicon photodiodes. The spectral responsivity was measured with a relative uncertainty of less than 0.3% using monochromatized synchrotron radiation whose radiant power was measured with a cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer. In order to deduce W from the spectral responsivity of photodiodes with a relative uncertainty of about 1%, a method for the calculation of photon and electron escape losses from silicon photodiodes was developed and the model for the charge carrier recombination losses was improved. In contrast to recent theoretical and experimental results, a constant value Wϭ(3.66Ϯ0.03) eV was obtained in the photon energy range from 50 to 1500 eV. The present experimental results are confirmed by calculation of the pair creation energy in silicon from data from the literature for the relevant material properties. The difference from previous theoretical work is due to different assumptions about the influence of the band structure of silicon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean energy required to produce an electron-hole pair in silicon for photons of energies between 50 and 1500 eV

Scholze¹,

Rabus²,

Ulm³

1998

Journal of Applied Physics

Self Cite

138

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“…The determination of absolute incoming photon flux is made feasible by the fact that synchrotron radiation provides a well-characterized photon source that is calculable from first principles. In fact, some synchrotron storage rings (e.g., BESSY) have been used as sulpdu| standards of spectral photon flux in the IR, UV, and X-ray photon range with uncertainties of 0.18%, 0.35%, and 0.57% in the respective photon ranges [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse reflectance of polymer mixtures subjected to broadband synchrotron radiation

Bawagan

1997

Can. J. Phys.

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Diffuse reflectance measurements of polymer color coatings exposed to broadband synchrotron radiation (10-2000 eV) are made as a function of radiation dose E . Quantitative color differences ({. W du ) before and after exposure are obtained using the standard CIELAB colorimetric formula. The present more extensive results validate earlier reflectance measurements that indicate that the dose-response curve of the polymer color coatings at large photon doses can be described as {. W du E e 3BÇ where _ is a materialdependent constant. Careful calibration of the synchrotron beamline allows presentation of the dose-response curves in absolute photon-dose units. The experimental _ parameter is found to be a sensitive parameter related to the chemical composition of the polymeric resins. Some implications to the general study of complex problems are also discussed.Résumé : Nous mesurons, en fonction de la dose de radiation ( ), le facteur de réflexion diffuse de couches de polymères colorés exposées à une radition synchrotron à large bande (10-2000 eV). Utilisant la formule calorimétrique standard CIELAB, nous déterminons les différences de couleur quantitatives ({. W du ), avant et après l'exposition. Nos mesures très complètes confirment de précédentes mesures de réflexion qui indiquent que la courbe réponse-dose des couches de polymères colorés obéit, sous de grandes expositions, à la loi {. W du E e 3BÇ , où _ est une contante qui dépend du matériau. Notre calibration soignée de la ligne de faisceau synchrotron nous permet de présenter des courbes réponse-dose en fonction d'une mesure absolue de la dose. Nous trouvons que le paramètre _ dépend de façon critique de la composition chimique de la résine. Nous proposons quelques conséquences prévisibles dans l'étude de systèmes plus complexes. [Traduit par la rédaction]

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“…Electron storage rings with calculable bending magnet radiation are currently used as primary source standards by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) at NIST's own facility SURF III in Gaithersburg (USA) [28] and by PTB, based on former work performed at BESSY I [29][30][31], at BESSY II [19,24] and the MLS [32,33]. At the latter two, PTB has installed and is operating equipment for the measurement of the storage ring parameters needed for the calculation of Φ λ according to Eq.…”

Section: Storage Rings As Primary Source Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quarter‐century of metrology using synchrotron radiation by PTB in Berlin

Beckhoff¹,

Gottwald²,

Klein³

et al. 2009

Physica Status Solidi (b)

131

114

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For more than 25 years, the Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt has been strongly engaged in the field of metrology using synchrotron radiation. In Berlin, this research programme started together with the user operation of the electron storage ring BESSY I in the early 1980s. At the beginning, the work was focused on fundamental radiometry, i.e. using the storage ring as a primary radiation source standard and operating beamlines for source and detector calibration in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range. Meanwhile, at the electron storage rings BESSY II and Metrology Light Source in Berlin‐Adlershof, the activities have been extended to a broad range of fundamental and applied photon metrology in the range from the far infrared to hard X‐rays, including methods like cryogenic radiometry, reflectometry and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. In the present review, we give a short historical introduction to this work, describe our laboratories and the basic radiometric principles, and present examples of recent applications, largely performed within the framework of scientific cooperations with external partners from industry and research. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Electron storage ring BESSY as a source of calculable spectral photon flux in the x-ray region

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Mean energy required to produce an electron-hole pair in silicon for photons of energies between 50 and 1500 eV

Mean energy required to produce an electron-hole pair in silicon for photons of energies between 50 and 1500 eV

Diffuse reflectance of polymer mixtures subjected to broadband synchrotron radiation

A quarter‐century of metrology using synchrotron radiation by PTB in Berlin

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