“…DNA (see refs , , , , , − , , − ) and α-helical oligopeptides (see refs , , − , , , , , , − , , , , , , , , , − ) have been widely used to explore the CISS effect and its connection with molecular properties. Having been investigated by spin-dependent photoemission, transport, electrochemical, and spin-dependent polarization experiments, they comprise testbed systems for comparisons between methods.…”