Electronic Alert Signal for Early Detection of Tissue Injuries in Patients: An Innovative Pressure Sensor Mattress

Abstract

Monitoring the early stage of developing tissue injuries requires intact skin for surface detection of cell damage. However, electronic alert signal for early detection is limited due to the lack of accurate pressure sensors for lightly pigmented skin injuries in patients. We developed an innovative pressure sensor mattress that produces an electronic alert signal for the early detection of tissue injuries. The electronic alert signal is developed using a web and mobile application for pressure sensor mattress reporting. The mattress is based on body distributions with reference points, temperature, and a humidity sensor to detect lightly pigmented skin injuries. Early detection of the pressure sensor is linked to an electronic alert signal at 32 mm Hg, a temperature of 37 °C, a relative humidity of 33.5%, a response time of 10 s, a loading time of 30 g, a density area of 1 mA, and a resistance of 7.05 MPa (54 N) at 0.87/min. The development of the innovative pressure sensor mattress using an electronic alert signal is in line with its enhanced pressure detection, temperature, and humidity sensors.

Humidity-Sensing Mattress for Long-Term Bedridden Patients with Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis

“…The sensing fitness of the resistant response of = 1 MHz is presented in Table 7 and Figure 10 . Our experimental testing explained the humidity-sensing mechanism, as suggested in previous studies [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 11 , 13 , 26 , 32 ]. At higher frequencies, there was a change in humidity sensors because adsorbed water molecules cannot be polarised with a rapid change in clinical settings [ 16 , 33 ].…”

“…The repeatability test with increasing RH proves the suitability of patients with IAD in clinical settings. Therefore, we validated 100 kHz as the operating frequency in the following testing, related to previous studies [1,4,5,31,34]. With a variation of 20-90% RH, the change in five-volt voltage exhibited a relatively small pore size of 0.1 µm.…”

“…The repeatability test with increasing RH proves the suitability of patients with IAD in clinical settings. Therefore, we validated 100 kHz as the operating frequency in the following testing, related to previous studies [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 31 , 34 ]. With a variation of 20–90% RH, the change in five-volt voltage exhibited a relatively small pore size of 0.1 This means that, if a mattress is subjected to a high humidity change, it can be inconvenient and the sensing material of the humidity sensor is not good for patients with IAD in clinical settings [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , 28 ].…”

“…Designing the humidity transducer so that it can detect an amount of water vapour ( O) is one of the most important medical judgements and diagnoses. The recent development of humidity sensors for patients with IAD is gaining acceptance within medical devices [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Some scholars have developed a humidity sensor with inflammatory cytokines [ 7 ], skin temperature [ 8 ], metal oxide nanomaterials [ 9 ], transepidermal water [ 10 ], and water contact angle [ 11 ].…”

“…Some scholars have developed a humidity sensor with inflammatory cytokines [ 7 ], skin temperature [ 8 ], metal oxide nanomaterials [ 9 ], transepidermal water [ 10 ], and water contact angle [ 11 ]. In the present designs, there has been a testing of mattresses which sense relative humidity (RH) in terms of resistance [ 5 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], film thickness [ 15 ], and the refractive index (RI) [ 16 ].…”