Electronic Article Surveillance: management learning in curbing theft

Bamfield, Joshua

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-23551-3_11

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These can take several forms, from "hard" plastic tags to "soft" self-adhesive paper tags (DiLonardo 2008(DiLonardo , 2015Hayes 2007). EAS systems generally consist of three components: the electronic tag, detector gates with built-in radio antennae (typically located at store exits) and a control unit (Bamfield 1994). EAS tags sound an alarm if they pass the detector gates without being removed or de-activated.…”

Section: On the Design And Development Of Security Tagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ranged from making comparisons between (1) similar but untagged products in the same store (Retailer B 2015), (2) different stores in which the specific tags under evaluation were not installed (Farrington et al 1993;Bamfield 1994;Hayes and Blackwood 2006;Beck and Palmer 2010;Downs et al 2011), and (3) the store chain average more generally (DiLonardo and Clarke 1996). The trial reported in Retailer A (2015) did use a comparison group but only in relation to changes in sales and availability.…”

Section: Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Farrington et al (1993) reported on the effectiveness of EAS tags that were implemented in two stores compared to one store that was redesigned with security in mind, one store that received security guards and a 'control' store that received no additional security measures. Likewise, Bamfield (1994) examined a comparatively small sample of four action sites against one control site. The largest study was by Beck and Palmer (2010) which used data from a multibillion dollar US clothing retailer to examine the effects of switching from hard tags to source-tagged soft tags.…”

Section: Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Bamfield's (1994) study, for example, tags were installed only in those stores that demonstrated a sufficient level of enthusiasm and successfully bid to receive the intervention. It is highly possible that successful store managers who are supportive of tagging are more likely to act in ways that might optimise tag effectiveness through, say, providing adequate training of staff, compared to store managers who were unsuccessful, failed to bid or were apathetic toward tags.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mindful of the aforementioned variability in outcome measures, if we assume that reductions in theft, shrinkage and shortage all denote positive outcomes associated with the introduction of tags, then across these eight studies we find mixed results. Considering all types of tags, five studies report positive results (Farrington et al 1993;Bamfield 1994;DiLonardo and Clarke 1996;Downs et al 2011 [specifically in relation to red Tags]; Retailer B 2015) (see Table 1). With the exception of Retailer B (2015), these studies all relate to the effectiveness of visible tags.…”

Section: Overall Findings Of Eligible Tagging Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of tagging as a method to reduce theft in retail environments

Sidebottom¹,

Thornton²,

Tompson³

et al. 2017

Crime Sci

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Background: Retailers routinely use security tags to reduce theft. Presently, however, there has been no attempt to systematically review the literature on security tags. Guided by the acronym EMMIE, this paper set out to (1) examine the evidence that tags are effective at reducing theft, (2) identify the key mechanisms through which tags are expected to reduce theft and the conditions that moderate tag effectiveness, and (3) summarise information relevant to the implementation and economic costs of tagging. Methods:In this mixed-methods review, we performed systematic keyword searches of the published and unpublished literature, hand searched relevant journals, conducted forward and backward citation searches and consulted with four retailers. Studies were included if they reported an explicit goal of reducing the theft or shrinkage of items through the use of security tags in retail environments. Results:We identified 50 eligible studies, eight of which reported quantitative data on the effectiveness of tags in retail environments. Across these eight studies, five showed positive results associated with the introduction of tags, but heterogeneity in the type of tag and reported outcome measures precluded a meta-analysis. We identified three mechanisms through which tags might plausibly reduce theft-increase the risks, reduce the rewards, increase the effort-which were found to vary by tag type, and their activation dependent on five broad categories of moderator: retail store and staff, customers (including shoplifters), tag type, product type, and the involvement of the police and criminal justice system. Implementation challenges documented in the literature related mainly to staffing issues and tagging strategy. Finally, although estimates are available on the costs of tagging, our searches identified no highquality published economic evaluations of tagging. Conclusions:Through applying the EMMIE framework this review highlighted the complexity involved in security tagging in retail environments, whereby different kinds of tags are expected to reduce theft through different casual mechanisms which are dependent on a distinctive configuration of conditions. Based on the available evidence it is difficult to determine the effectiveness of tags as a theft reduction measure, albeit there is suggestive evidence that more visible tags are associated with greater reductions in theft than less visible tags.© The Author(s) 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Section: On the Design And Development Of Security Tagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overall Findings Of Eligible Tagging Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A systematic review of tagging as a method to reduce theft in retail environments

Sidebottom¹,

Thornton²,

Tompson³

et al. 2017

Crime Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and Retail Crime: Exploring Offender Perspectives on Risk and Protective Factors in the Design and Layout of Retail Environments

2018

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Re-thinking the cost of supply chain security

Haelterman

2011

Crime Law Soc Change

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Post 9/11 we have witnessed the introduction and further strengthening of a range of trans-border security programs designed to protect international supply chains against acts of unlawful interference. In some cases compliance with these programs is mandatory. In other cases compliance results in a preferential treatment by appropriate authorities. To a great extent, these programs comprehend the introduction of situational measures. In most instances, however, operators within the supply chain-being made responsible for their actual implementation-are left with limited guidance. In this paper it is argued that a lack of guidance may result in measures being introduced without taking full account of their potential consequences. Based on an analysis of previous research findings and on the outcome of a literature review, direct and indirect implementation costs have been differentiated from a range of (consequential costs provoked by) potential reverse effects, and from a series of generic preconditions, enabling practitioners in industry to conduct a proper cost analysis and come to an informed decision on what particular measure(s) best to implement. It is argued that criminology and management science can support this decision making process, provided that policy makers allow operators a certain freedom of choice between alternative measures and approaches

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Electronic Article Surveillance: management learning in curbing theft

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

A systematic review of tagging as a method to reduce theft in retail environments

A systematic review of tagging as a method to reduce theft in retail environments

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and Retail Crime: Exploring Offender Perspectives on Risk and Protective Factors in the Design and Layout of Retail Environments

Re-thinking the cost of supply chain security

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