Electronic Beam-Scanning Strip-Coded Graphene Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Single Structure

Al-Shalaby, Noha A.; Elhenawy, Abdelkarim S.; Zainud-Deen, S.H.; Malhat, Hend A.

doi:10.1007/s11468-021-01407-8

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Figure 1 shows the configuration of GS-LWA designed for wireless communications at 2 THz. 30 It consists of a fixed number of graphene strips (N = 112 strips) with periodicity, P = 8, printed on h thick SiO 2 dielectric substrate with ε r = 3.9. The graphene strips have width, S and are separated by a gap of width G. The surface conductivity of graphene strips is modeled using Durde model given by 19 :…”

Section: Design Of Gs-lwamentioning

confidence: 99%

1‐D reconfigurable graphene‐strips leaky‐wave antenna with different feeders for wide scanning angles

Malhat

Elhenawy

Zainud-Deen

et al. 2021

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This paper introduces electronic-beam switching graphene-strips leaky-wave antenna (GS-LWA) for THz wireless communications with different feeding structures. The antenna is constructed from graphene-strips printed on silicon oxide substrate with total dimensions of 1350 × 300 × 35 μm 3 . The graphene tunable conductivity is used to control the GSLWA radiated beam direction without changing its physical structure. A scanning range of 94 (from −68 to 26 ) is achieved at 2 THz using different codes. The effect of different plane wave launchers on the radiation characteristics of GS-LWA is investigated. A planar substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna as a plane wave launcher is designed. It introduces a peak gain of 18.2 dBi with a bandwidth of 21.95% and SLL of 10.6 dB. End-fire radiation from parabolic reflector is employed to launch plane-wave in the GS-LWA. A matching BW of 0.82 THz is achieved with peak gain of 18 dBi. A coplanar fed Yagi-Uda like structure element is studied using a single element and two elements array. The two elements array provided the highest matching of −40 dB over BW of 6% and gain of 16.5 dBi. Finally, tapered microstrip line is investigated. It introduced the lowest SLL −16.1 dB with a gain of 17.5 dBi and BW of 39.57% (from 1.5 to 2.24 THz). The selection of proper feeding structure depends on the required matching BW, peak radiated gain, and the lowest SLL. Full-wave analysis of the GS-LWA launched by different feeding methods is introduced.

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Section: Design Of Gs-lwamentioning

confidence: 99%

1‐D reconfigurable graphene‐strips leaky‐wave antenna with different feeders for wide scanning angles

Malhat

Elhenawy

Zainud-Deen

et al. 2021

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…The antenna operates at terahertz frequencies and sinusoidally modulates the surface reactance of graphene through the field effect of graphene, providing multifunctional beam scanning capability [ 26 ]. However, most graphene-based antennas are currently in the theoretical stage, and their electrical modulation characteristics can only be used in terahertz frequency bands [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. LC materials are gaining popularity, as they make fixed-frequency beam scanning possible when used in conjunction with leaky-wave antennas [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MCML-BF: A Metal-Column Embedded Microstrip Line Transmission Structure with Bias Feeders for Beam-Scanning Leakage Antenna Design

Hou,

Fang,

Fan

et al. 2024

Sensors

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This article proposes a novel fixed-frequency beam scanning leakage antenna based on a liquid crystal metamaterial (LCM) and adopting a metal column embedded microstrip line (MCML) transmission structure. Based on the microstrip line (ML) transmission structure, it was observed that by adding two rows of metal columns in the dielectric substrate, electromagnetic waves can be more effectively transmitted to reduce dissipation, and attenuation loss can be lowered to improve energy radiation efficiency. This antenna couples TEM mode electromagnetic waves into free space by periodically arranging 72 complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). The LC layer is encapsulated in the transmission medium between the ML and the metal grounding plate. The simulation results show that the antenna can achieve a 106° continuous beam turning from reverse −52° to forward 54° at a frequency of 38 GHz with the holographic principle. In practical applications, beam scanning is achieved by applying a DC bias voltage to the LC layer to adjust the LC dielectric constant. We designed a sector-blocking bias feeder structure to minimize the impact of RF signals on the DC source and avoid the effect of DC bias on antenna radiation. Further comparative experiments revealed that the bias feeder can significantly diminish the influence between the two sources, thereby reducing the impact of bias voltage introduced by LC layer feeding on antenna performance. Compared with existing approaches, the antenna array simultaneously combines the advantages of high frequency band, high gain, wide beam scanning range, and low loss.

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“…Recently, an antenna containing an active radiating graphene patch and a non-radiating graphene ring was analyzed in [ 23 ], where the radiation pattern can be steered by controlling gate voltages over the ring. A reconfigurable graphene leaky-wave antenna with electronic beam scanning for a THz communications system is proposed in [ 24 ]. It consists of graphene strips printed on a silicon oxide substrate and fed by a planar H-plane horn antenna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional THz Graphene Antenna with 360∘ Continuous ϕ-Steering and θ-Control of Beam

Dmitriev

Oliveira

Paiva

et al. 2023

Sensors

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A novel graphene antenna composed of a graphene dipole and four auxiliary graphene sheets oriented at 90∘ to each other is proposed and analyzed. The sheets play the role of reflectors. A detailed group-theoretical analysis of symmetry properties of the discussed antennas has been completed. Through electric field control of the chemical potentials of the graphene elements, the antenna can provide a quasi-omnidirectional diagram, a one- or two-directional beam regime, dynamic control of the beam width and, due to the vertical orientation of the dipole with respect to the base substrate, a 360∘ beam steering in the azimuth plane. An additional graphene layer on the base permits control of the radiation pattern in the θ-direction. Radiation patterns in different working states of the antenna are considered using symmetry arguments. We discuss the antenna parameters such as input reflection coefficient, total efficiency, front-to-back ratio, and gain. An equivalent circuit of the antenna is suggested. The proposed antenna operates at frequencies between 1.75 THz and 2.03 THz. Depending on the active regime defined by the chemical potentials set on the antenna graphene elements, the maximum gain varies from 0.86 to 1.63.

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Electronic Beam-Scanning Strip-Coded Graphene Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Single Structure

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

1‐D reconfigurable graphene‐strips leaky‐wave antenna with different feeders for wide scanning angles

1‐D reconfigurable graphene‐strips leaky‐wave antenna with different feeders for wide scanning angles

MCML-BF: A Metal-Column Embedded Microstrip Line Transmission Structure with Bias Feeders for Beam-Scanning Leakage Antenna Design

Multifunctional THz Graphene Antenna with 360∘ Continuous ϕ-Steering and θ-Control of Beam

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