Electronically‐controlled, portable, cone penetrometer

Christensen, N. B.; Sisson, J. B.; Sweeney, Daniel W.; Swallow, C. W.

doi:10.1080/00103629809370018

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…cores per plot) were taken from the 0‐ to 7.5‐, 7.5‐ to 15‐, and 15‐ to 30‐cm depths and analyzed for pH, P (Bray P1), extractable K (1 M NH 4 C 2 H 3 O 2 ), and SOM by North Central Region recommended procedures (Brown, 1998). In‐row soil penetration resistance was measured as cone index readings recorded by a computer‐controlled, constant rate (0.84 cm s −1 ), portable penetrometer using a 30° cone with a cross‐sectional area of 3.2 cm 2 (Christensen et al, 1998). Force measurements were made at 1‐cm increments to 30‐cm depth with duplicate penetration resistance readings made in the row of each plot in two replications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does 20 Years of Tillage and N Fertilization Influence Properties of a Claypan Soil in the Eastern Great Plains?

Sweeney

2017

Agricultural & Env Letters

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Core Ideas Claypan soil properties were minimally affected by tillage and N fertilization after 20 years. Soil organic matter distribution was affected by tillage, but with no apparent net difference. Long‐term tillage and N fertilization did not affect soil bulk density or penetration resistance. Subtle long‐term soil changes may not influence producer choices for tillage and N fertilization. Tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization systems may affect soil chemical and physical properties, especially long term. This study's objective was to examine the effect of three tillage systems (conventional tillage, reduced tillage, and no‐till) with four N fertilizer treatments on properties of a claypan soil in the eastern Great Plains after 20 yr of cropping. Soil chemical and physical properties were little affected by long‐term tillage and N fertilization. The lack of tillage to distribute soil phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients within no‐till treatments resulted in lower P and K values below the surface. In no‐till, the accumulation of organic matter in the surface soil (0 to 7.5 cm) was countered by lower organic matter in the 7.5‐ to 15 ‐cm zone, resulting in no net increase compared with the other two tillage systems. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance in the surface 30 cm were unaffected by tillage or N fertilization.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does 20 Years of Tillage and N Fertilization Influence Properties of a Claypan Soil in the Eastern Great Plains?

Sweeney

2017

Agricultural & Env Letters

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“…Air permeability was measured in situ in the 0‐ to 7.5‐cm zone by the steady‐state method of Grover (1955) on 16 July 1987, 10 Oct. 1988, and 26 Sept. 1989. Soil penetration resistance was measured with an electronically‐controlled, portable, cone penetrometer (Christensen et al, 1998) on 27 Sept. 1988. Force measurements were made at 1‐cm increments to 30‐cm depth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop and Soil Response to Wheel‐Track Compaction of a Claypan Soil

Sweeney

Kirkham

Sisson³

2006

Agronomy Journal

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Annual row crop production on the naturally occurring claypan soils of the eastern Great Plains may require field operations during somewhat wet conditions and this potentially results in soil compaction by the commonly-used, heavy-weight tractors and equipment. The objectives of this experiment were (i) to determine if compaction reduced yield and growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown on a claypan soil (fine, mixed, thermic Mollic Albaqualf) and (ii) to determine the effect of wheel tracks on selected soil properties and whether chisel plow tillage could reduce wheel-track compaction. Compaction treatments were (i) ALL-all of the plot compacted, (ii) WT-wheel-track compaction, (iii) WTC-wheel-track compaction followed by a chisel tillage operation, and (iv) NO-no intentional compaction. In general, it took until the third year of annually repeated compaction in the ALL treatment to reduce crop growth and yields compared with the NO compaction treatment. Even though nearly half of the area was compacted each year in the WT treatment, few measured crop parameters decreased. In wheel tracks, soil penetrometer resistance and bulk density increased and air permeability decreased compared with out of tracks. However, chisel tillage appeared to eliminate the compaction by reducing penetration resistance and bulk density and increasing air permeability to values similar to out of tracks. Thus, compaction of claypan soils may not often be a problem for producers in this area, especially if occasional chisel tillage is included to remove possible compacted zones.

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“…This penetrometer is well-suited to collect such large data sets, and its digital format avoids the need for operators to read data from analog scales or to transcribe data (Anderson et al, 1980;Hendrick, 1969). It is smaller and easier to move throughout a crop field than are electronic penetrometers used by Reeves et al (1992) and Christensen et al (1998). Variability in resistance associated with operators and probe speeds can be minimized by using a single, attentive operator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently developed a penetrometer with features overcoming limitations of other models used in agricultural systems. Goodman and Rowse (1984) described a model with operating depth limited to 6 inches (15 cm), Reeves et al (1992) used a benchtop rather than a portable model, Christensen et al (1998) described a model which requires two operators, and Hendrick (1969) described a model with an analog paper chart recorder. Anderson et al (1980) described three models, one providing spurious results due to the spring mechanism, one vehicle-mounted unit with limited portability, and one similar to the model described here but requiring data to be transcribed from a calculator to a computer file.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating Soil Compaction with a Portable Electronic Cone Penetrometer

Crozier¹,

Heiniger²,

Bishop³

1999

horttech

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During Summer 1997, soil compaction in agricultural fields was evaluated using a portable electronic cone penetrometer. Rather than requiring the operator to read from an analog scale, this penetrometer stores data in a digital form, which are downloaded to a personal computer for analysis. Soil strength, measured in 1-inch (2.5-cm) increments, can be stored for up to 100 25-inch (64-cm) deep soil profiles. This instrument can be operated by a single person and facilitates collecting large data sets required to characterize highly variable soil environments. Because the penetrometer was designed to measure and formulate predictions about the trafficability of wet soils, it is often incapable of measuring the higher soil resistance occurring in drier agricultural fields. If used soon after rainfall or irrigation, it is useful in detecting hardpans associated with tillage or traffic patterns.

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Electronically‐controlled, portable, cone penetrometer

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Does 20 Years of Tillage and N Fertilization Influence Properties of a Claypan Soil in the Eastern Great Plains?

Does 20 Years of Tillage and N Fertilization Influence Properties of a Claypan Soil in the Eastern Great Plains?

Crop and Soil Response to Wheel‐Track Compaction of a Claypan Soil

Evaluating Soil Compaction with a Portable Electronic Cone Penetrometer

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