Electroretinogram responses of the normal thoroughbred horse sedated with detomidine hydrochloride

Church, Melanie L.; Norman, Joanna C.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01022.x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A mini‐Ganzfeld electroretinographic unit (Handheld Multispecies ERG [HMsERG] Model 1000, Xenotec, Inc., Rolla, MO, USA) and gold foil contact lens electrode (ERG‐jet ™ , Fabrinal, La Chaux‐de‐Fonds, Switzerland) were used to perform testing on both eyes of each horse as has been previously reported . Topical anesthesia (0.5% Tetracaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, Bausch and Lomb Inc., Tampa, FL, USA) was applied to each eye prior to corneal electrode placement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mini-Ganzfeld electroretinographic unit (Handheld Multispecies ERG [HMsERG] Model 1000, Xenotec, Inc., Rolla, MO, USA) and gold foil contact lens electrode (ERG-jet TM , Fabrinal, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) were used to perform testing on both eyes of each horse as has been previously reported. 14,15 Topical anesthesia (0.5% Tetracaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, Bausch and Lomb Inc., Tampa, FL, USA) was applied to each eye prior to corneal electrode placement. The contact lens recording electrode was placed on the cornea with 2.5% hypromellose (Goniovisc TM , Sigma Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Monticello, IA, USA), while stainless steel reference and ground electrodes (GVM geliMED, Bad Segeberg, Germany) were placed subcutaneously 3 cm posterior to the lateral canthus and midway down the neck, respectively.…”

Section: Materials a Nd Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroretinogram evaluation of equine eyes with extensive ‘bullet‐hole’ fundic lesions

Allbaugh

Ben‐Shlomo

Whitley

2014

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials a Nd Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroretinogram evaluation of equine eyes with extensive ‘bullet‐hole’ fundic lesions

Allbaugh

Ben‐Shlomo

Whitley

2014

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Guidelines for clinical ERG performance have been published for dogs [1] and humans [8]. However, there are very few published studies evaluating the normal ERG parameters and clinical uses in horses [2,5,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sedation ERG protocols using different alpha-2 agonists have been published in horses [2,7,9,10,13,15]. However, these do not eliminate all head movements during the procedure, which makes the examination less reliable and more time consuming [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two sedation protocols for long electroretinography in horses using the Koijman electrode

Corradini

López-Murcia

Barba

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Nowadays in addition to work and transport, horses are also used for competition and pleasure riding purposes. For all these activities vision has a critical role. Electroretinography is the most used test to diagnose diseases of the retinal outer segment. There is a wide variety of devices to perform the electroretinography being the main differences in the corneal electrode and the light stimulation. The Koijman electrode has been tested in dogs but not in horses. The main purpose of this study was to compare electroretinography parameters from horses sedated with detomidine alone or in combination with butorphanol, during a standardized protocol using the Koijman electrode and RETI-port® system. Seven mares, were allocated to the detomidine (D) and detomidine-butorphanol (DB) group in a randomised, controlled, crossover study. Friedman's and Willcoxon-signed ranked tests were used to compare the electroretinogram (ERG) parameters. A Student t-test was used to compare differences in the number of artefacts and valid values obtained under both sedation protocols. Results Dark adaptation peaked at 16 minutes in both groups. No significant differences in ERG parameters between both groups were observed. During the mixed rod and cone response evaluation under scotopic conditions, most mares made a movement of the head resulting in a high number of artefacts. The DB group showed a non-significant tendency to have fewer artefacts and a longer duration of sedation compared to the D group. Conclusions The Koijman electrode and the RETI-port® can be used to perform a standardized long protocol in horses with some adaptations.

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“…The Mini Ganzfeld ERG hand-held flash stimulator produces full-field stimulation. Recently, hand-held ERG devices gained much attention in animal studies [ 17 , 18 ] and for ERG recording in children under general anaesthesia [ 19 ]. The hand-held ERG devices have also been used to monitor retinal function during and after selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy infusion in retinoblastoma [ 17 , 20 , 21 ], but also to elicit S-cone retinal responses [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing DTL microfiber and Neuroline skin electrode in the Mini Ganzfeld ERG

2016

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BackgroundIn infant ERG recordings skin electrodes frequently result in a better compliance. In order to assess the quality of such recordings, we compared the recording characteristics of DTL microfiber and Neuroline surface electrodes using a modified ISCEV protocol in the Mini Ganzfeld ERG.MethodsA prospective cohort study on healthy adult subjects was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland. Thirty healthy volunteers were tested. The microfiber electrode (DTL Plus Electrode) was placed across the cornea, above the lower eyelid. The Neuroline skin electrode was placed on the surface of the lower lid on the opposite eye. The eye on which each electrode type was placed was randomised.Amplitudes of the rod, standard combined, standard flash cone, light-adapted 3.0 Hz flicker and red cone responses were analysed, as well as their respective implicit times.ResultsBoth electrode recordings showed the same waveform characteristics. Responses with the Neuroline electrode were significantly weaker than those from the DTL electrode. Amplitudes of the rod, standard combined, standard flash cone, light-adapted 3.0 Hz flicker and red cone responses were up to four times larger when recorded with the DTL electrode (p < 0.005, ANOVA). Implicit times of the red cone ERGs were slightly faster for the Neuroline skin electrode recordings (p ≤ 0.039).ConclusionsComparison of full-field ERG recordings with microfiber DTL and Neuroline skin electrodes showed that DTL electrodes produce larger ERGs. Hence, we provide evidence that both electrode types allow successful full-field ERG recording, although separate normative data for both electrodes are necessary.

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Electroretinogram responses of the normal thoroughbred horse sedated with detomidine hydrochloride

Abstract: Results of normal thoroughbred ERG responses are reported. The protocol proved to be simple and safe and provided consistent results.

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Electroretinogram evaluation of equine eyes with extensive ‘bullet‐hole’ fundic lesions

Electroretinogram evaluation of equine eyes with extensive ‘bullet‐hole’ fundic lesions

Comparison of two sedation protocols for long electroretinography in horses using the Koijman electrode

Comparing DTL microfiber and Neuroline skin electrode in the Mini Ganzfeld ERG

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