Electrospun polylactic acid scaffolds with strontium‐ and cobalt‐doped bioglass for potential use in bone tissue engineering applications

Abstract

The development of nanoscale biomaterials associated with polymers has been growing over the years, due to their important structural characteristics for applications in biological systems. The present study aimed to produce and test polymeric scaffolds composed of polylactic acid (PLA) fibers associated with a 58S bioglass doped with therapeutic ions for use in tissue engineering. Three 58S Bioglass was obtained by the sol-gel route, pure and doped with 5% strontium and cobalt ions. Solutions of 7% PLA was used as control and added the three different bioglass, 4% of 58S bioglass (PLA-BG), 4% bioglass-doped strontium (PLA-BGSr) and 4% bioglass-doped cobalt (PLA-BGCo). Scaffolds were produced through electrospinning process, and was characterized chemical and morphologically. The in vitro tests were performed using mesenchymal cells cultures from femurs of nine rats, grown in osteogenic supplemented total culture medium. After osteoblastic differentiation induction cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content quantification, and visualization of mineralization nodule tests were performed. Analysis of normal distribution used the Shapiro-Wilk test (nanofibers diameter and biological assay). Data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (p = 0.05). The bioglasses produced proved to be free of nitrate, chlorinated and nano-sized, with effective incorporation of therapeutic ions in their structure. All materials showed cell viability (>70%), total protein production, and alkaline phosphatase activity. It was possible to develop polylactic acid scaffolds associated with 58S bioglass doped with therapeutic ions without cytotoxicity. Scaffolds characteristics appear to sustain its application in bone tissue engineering.

Chlorinated‐based bioceramics incorporated in polycaprolactone membranes

“…The coordination number ( Q n ) present in the samples was identified using Raman spectroscopy. The coordination number is associated with the number of NBOs (non‐bridge bonds, is a bond between silicon and a heteroatom through oxygen 6 ) attached to a silicon atom. The letter “ n ” represents the number of siloxanes attached to the atom, and the lower the number of “ n ”, the greater the number of NBOs.…”

“…The coordination number (Q n ) present in the samples was identified using Raman spectroscopy. The coordination number is associated with the number of NBOs (non-bridge bonds, is a bond between silicon and a heteroatom through oxygen 6 ) attached to a silicon atom.…”

“…Chlorine, a natural element in the human body, renders chloride‐containing bioglass more biocompatible 5 . Previous studies have demonstrated that replacing nitrate salts with chloride facilitates the synthesis of bioglass 6–8 . Moreover, chloride‐based bioglass exhibits enhanced degradability and accelerated apatite formation 5 …”

Metal ions: the unfading stars of bone regeneration—from bone metabolism regulation to biomaterial applications

“…253 When in contact with biofluids, bioactive glasses undergo dynamic surface changes over time, contributing to metal ion solubilization and the regulation of bone metabolism. 254 Kargozar et al 255 and de Souza et al 256 each designed a 45S bioactive glass that released Sr 2+ and Co 2+ . The osteoblast-protective activity and osteoclast-inhibiting properties of Sr 2+ could be combined with the ability of Co 2+ to promote angiogenesis, greatly accelerating the bone healing process.…”

“…Kargozar et al 255 and de Souza et al 256 each designed a 45S bioactive glass that released Sr 2+ and Co 2+ . The osteoblast-protective activity and osteoclast-inhibiting properties of Sr 2+ could be combined with the ability of Co 2+ to promote angiogenesis, greatly accelerating the bone healing process.…”