Electrostatic targeting for allergen removal and pest control applications

Hughes, John F.; Gaunt, Lindsey F; Gaynor, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0304-3886(01)00207-8

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…EDCs employ electret fibers which have been shown to enhance allergen particle retention (1-3) . The advantage of the EDC method over other methods is its ability to be mailed to and from sites, eliminating the need to deploy field staff to study sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) for endotoxin assessment in homes: Effect of mailing, placement, heating, and electrostatic charge

Kilburg-Basnyat

Metwali

Thorne

2015

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Electrostatic Dust Collectors (EDCs) are in use for passive sampling of bioaerosols, but particular aspects of their performance have not yet been evaluated. This study investigated the effect of mailing EDCs on endotoxin loading and the effect of EDC deployment in front of and away from heated ventilation on endotoxin sampling. Endotoxin sampling efficiency of heated and unheated EDC cloths was also evaluated. Cross-country express mailing of dust-spiked EDCs yielded no significant changes in endotoxin concentrations compared to dust-only samples for both high spiked-EDCs (p=0.30) and low spiked-EDCs (p=0.36). EDCs were also deployed in 20 identical apartments with one EDC placed in front of the univent heater in each apartment and contemporaneous EDC placed on the built-in bookshelf in each apartment. The endotoxin concentrations were significantly different (p=0.049) indicating that the placement of EDC does impact endotoxin sampling. Heated and unheated EDCs were deployed for 7 days in pairs in farm homes. There was a significant difference between endotoxin concentrations (p=0.027) indicating that heating EDCs may diminish their electrostatic capabilities and impact endotoxin sampling. The last study investigated the electrostatic charge of 12 heated and 12 unheated EDC cloths. There was a significant difference in charge (p=0.009) which suggests that heating EDC cloths may make them less effective for sampling. In conclusion, EDCs can be mailed to and from deployment sites, EDC placement in relationship to ventilation is crucial, and heating EDCs reduces their electrostatic charge which may diminish their endotoxin sampling capabilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) for endotoxin assessment in homes: Effect of mailing, placement, heating, and electrostatic charge

Kilburg-Basnyat

Metwali

Thorne

2015

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…However, whether or not the endotoxin concentrations are altered during the transportation process is unknown. (Hughes et al, 2002, Gaynor and Hughes, 1998, Hughes, 1996. EDCs have previously been used for sampling both low endotoxin home environments including apartments and farm homes and high endotoxin occupational environments including a companion hospital and a social room at a composting plant .…”

Section: Comparisons Of Edcs To Active Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A surface area of 0.0205 m 2 was exposed of the cloth surface which passively sample PM while resting on flat surfaces in homes, schools or office buildings . The electret fibers have been shown to enhance particle retention, particularly for allergen content (Gaynor and Hughes, 1998, Hughes et al, 2002, Hughes, 1996. Retention has been shown to increase with an increase in electrostatic charge, but retention decreases with an increase in flow rate (Yao et al, 2009).…”

Section: Passive Sampling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1996). "Electrostatic Allergen Control", Electro-Technology, 13-16.Hughes, J., Gaunt, L. andGaynor, P. (2002) "Electrostatic targeting for allergen removal and pest control applications", Journal of electrostatics, 55, 237-245.Hyvärinen, A.,Roponen, M., Tiittanen, P., Laitinen, S., Nevalainen, A. and Pekkanen, J. (2006) "Dust sampling methods for endotoxinan essential, but underestimated issue", Indoor Air, 16, 20-27.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Validation of electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) as effective passive samplers

Kilburg-Basnyat¹

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Electrostatic Dust Collectors (EDCs) are a passive sampling method that has not yet been fully validated. Our first study investigated the effect of EDC mailing and EDC deployment in front of and away from heated ventilation on endotoxin concentrations. Endotoxin sampling efficiency of heated and unheated EDC cloths was evaluated. EDCs express mailed crosscountry yielded no significant changes in endotoxin concentrations when dust-only samples were compared to high quality control (QC) spiked-EDCs (p=0.21) and low QC spiked-EDCs (p=0.16). EDCs were deployed in 20 apartments with one EDC placed in front of the univent heater and another EDC placed on a built-in bookshelf. Endotoxin concentrations were significantly different (p=0.049) indicating that EDC placement impacts endotoxin sampling. Heated and unheated EDCs were deployed for 7 days in farm homes. There was a significant difference between endotoxin concentrations (p=0.027). The electrostatic charge of 12 heated and 12 unheated EDC cloths were significantly different (p=0.009). These studies suggest that heating cloths may diminish their electrostatic charge and endotoxin sampling capabilities. The EDC sampling time needed to achieve detectable and reproducible loading for bioaerosols has not been systematically evaluated. In our second study, EDCs were deployed in 15 Iowa farm homes for 7-, 14-, and 28-day sampling periods to determine if endotoxin and allergens could be quantified and if loading rates were uniform (i.e. doubling from 7 to 14 days and 14 to 28 days and quadrupling from 7 to 28 days). Loadings between left and right paired EDC cloths were not significantly different and were highly correlated for endotoxin, total protein, and cat (Fel d1), dog (Can f1) and mouse (Mus m1) allergens (p<0.001). EDC endotoxin sampling had close agreement between paired samples (Pearson r=0.96, p<0.001). EDC endotoxin loading doubled from 7 to 14-day deployments but the loading rate decreased from 14 to 28 days of v sampling with only a 1.38 fold increase. Allergen exposure assessment using EDCs was less satisfactory. Paired EDCs and daily Button aerosol samplers (BS) were used in our third study to concurrently sample endotoxin in 10 farm homes during 7 day periods in summer and winter. Winter sampling included an optical particle counter (OPC) for particulate size and number concentration data. OPC particulate matter (PM) data were divided into PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5. Summer sampling yielded geometric mean and geometric standard deviation values of 0.82 EU/m 3 (2.7) for inhalable aerosol BS and 737 EU/m 2 (1.9) for EDCs. Winter values were 0.52 EU/m 3 (3.1) for BS and 538 EU/m 2 (3.0) for EDCs. Seven day endotoxin values of EDCs were significantly and highly correlated with the 7day BS sampling averages (r=0.70; p<0.001). An Analysis of Variance indicated a 2.37fold increase in EDC endotoxin concentrations for each unit increase of the ratio of PM 2.5 to PM 10-2.5. A 10-fold increase in BS endotoxin concentrations was associated with a 12.2-fold increase in EDC...

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Comparison of electrostatic collection and liquid impinging methods when collecting airborne house dust allergens, endotoxin and (1,3)-β-d-glucans

Yao

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2009

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Electrostatic targeting for allergen removal and pest control applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Performance of electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) for endotoxin assessment in homes: Effect of mailing, placement, heating, and electrostatic charge

Performance of electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) for endotoxin assessment in homes: Effect of mailing, placement, heating, and electrostatic charge

Validation of electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) as effective passive samplers

Comparison of electrostatic collection and liquid impinging methods when collecting airborne house dust allergens, endotoxin and (1,3)-β-d-glucans

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