Electrotransport in Metals

The Relationship between Electrical Conductivity and Electromigration in Liquid Metals

“…These basics were formalized mainly in the 1960s. Two forces act on a metal ion in the presence of an electric current-the field force and the electron wind force (Fiks [3,18,19], Bresler and Pikus [24], Verhoeven [12], Mangelsdorf [25], Belashchenko [4,26] and many others). The field force is expressed in terms of the coulombic ("true") charge of the ion, and the wind force is described as the result of the friction between the ion and the electron flow or a consequence of electron scattering on the ion.…”

“…In this case, σ = X 1 σ 1 + X 2 σ 2 и z = X 1 z 1 + X 2 z 2 . Substituting these formulas into relation (12), we obtain…”

“…Taking into account Equation (12), we obtain for a strongly diluted solution of the second component in the first, when z * 1 → 0 и z → z 1 :…”

“…For ions in the ground state, it was assumed that the total force acting on the ion is zero (Fix [3], Bresler-Pikus [24]). The discussion of the relationship between conductivity and electromigration was mainly reduced to the derivation of equations in which the effective charge of the ion during electromigration is expressed in terms of the electrical resistance increment due to an impurity in a crystalline or liquid solvent (see the review of J. Verhoeven [12]). For the electrical resistance in this case, the Drude-Sommerfeld equation generally is used (Bresler and Pikus [24], Mangelsdorf [25], Belashchenko [4,6] and others).…”

“…The theory and practice of electromigration have been discussed in monographs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Reviews of the experiment and theory of electromigration in liquid metals have been published in [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Significant contributions to the mathematical theory of the electromigration were given by V.B.…”