Element Contents in Organs and Tissues of Chinese Adult Men

Abstract

This study was undertaken to provide reference values for relevant parameters of Chinese Reference Man. Eighteen kinds of major organ or tissue samples, including muscle, rib, liver, and so on, were obtained from autopsies of 68 healthy adult men living in four areas of China with different dietary patterns (Hebei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Jiangxi or Jiangsu provinces, including Shanghai City) who had just encountered sudden deaths. At the same time, whole blood samples were collected from 10 volunteers living in each of these areas. The concentrations of 60 elements in these samples were detected by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), neutron activation analysis (NAA), fluorometry (FL), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) techniques and necessary quality control (QC) measures. Based on obtained concentrations and reference values of these organ or tissue weights for Chinese Reference Man, the elemental burdens in these organs or tissues were estimated. As a summary report of a series of research studies for Chinese Reference Man, which included three steps (from 1996 to 2006), the concentrations of 60 elements in 18 main organs or tissues were determined and their elemental burdens in the organs or tissues and whole body were estimated. Furthermore, the organ or tissue distributions of some important elements for radiation protection were discussed. These results may provide more reliable and better representative bases than before for establishing related reference values of Chinese Reference Man and revising current reference values of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Reference Man. These basic data will also be very valuable for many other applications in radiation protection and other scientific fields.

Trace Element Contents in Thyroid Cancer Investigated by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescent Analysis

“…Values obtained for Br, Cu, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn contents in the normal human thyroid (Table 3) agree well with median of mean values reported by other researches [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Data cited in Table 3 also includes samples obtained from patients who died from different nonendocrine diseases.…”

“…The microliter standards were placed on disks made of thin, ash-free filter papers fixed on the Scotch tape pieces and dried in a vacuum. The comparison of our results with published data for Br, Cu, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn mass fraction in normal and cancerous thyroid [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] is shown in Table 3.…”

Age-Related-Changes-of-Trace-Element-Contents-in-Intact-Thyroid-of-Females-Investigated-by-Neutron-Activation-Analysis

“…The reliable data on trace element mass fractions in normal geriatric thyroid is apparently extremely limited. There are many studies regarding trace element content in human thyroid, using chemical techniques and instrumental methods [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. However, the majority of these data are based on measurements of processed tissue and in many studies tissue samples are ashed (are burned in a muffle furnace) before analysis.…”

Age-Related Changes of Some Trace Element Contents in Intact Thyroid of Males Investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescent Analysis

“…Good agreement of the Br, Cu, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn contents analyzed by EDXRF with the certified data of CRM IAEA H-4 (Table 1) indicates an acceptable accuracy of the results obtained in the study of trace elements of the thyroid presented in Tables 2-5. The obtained means for Br, Cu, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn mass fraction, as shown in Table 3, agree well with the medians of mean values cited by other researches for the human thyroid, including samples received from persons who died from different non-thyroid diseases. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] A number of values for chemical element mass fractions were not expressed on a dry mass basis by the authors of the cited references. However, we calculated these values using published data for water (75%) 40 and ash (4.16% on dry mass basis) 41 contents in thyroid of adults.…”

“…There are many studies regarding trace element content in human thyroid, using chemical techniques and instrumental methods. [25][26][27][28][29][30] However, the majority of these data are based on measurements of processed tissue and in many studies tissue samples are ashed before analysis. In other cases, thyroid samples are treated with solvents (distilled water, ethanol etc) and then are dried at a high temperature for many hours.…”