Element redistribution during hydrothermal alteration of rhyolite in an active geothermal system: Yellowstone drill cores Y-7 and Y-8

Sturchio, Neil C.; Muehlenbachs, Karlis; Seitz, M.G.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(86)90125-0

Cited by 69 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The maximum age allowed is for the infinite value of Wfor a mean (22SRa/226Ra) of 3.5 _+ 1 for the Norris Geyser Basin, is 1150 years. The high concentration of cations found in the typical chloride-neutral Norris Geyser Basin springs and the degree of alteration found in cores from the region (see Sturchio et al, 1986;White et al, 1988) indicate that rock reaction with the thermal water has occurred.…”

Section: ~6(2z2rn)+(2z~)*s](l_e-~6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time scale of hydrothermal water-rock reactions in Yellowstone National Park based on radium isotopes and radon

Clark

Turekian

1990

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Clark, J.F. and Turekian, K.K., 1990. Time scale of hydrothermal water-rock reactions in Yellowstone National Park based on radium isotopes and radon. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., We have measured 224Ra (3.4 d), 228Ra (5.7 yr), and 226Ra (1620 yr) and chloride in hot spring waters from the Norris-Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park. Two characteristic cold-water components mix with the primary hydrothermal water: one for the travertine-depositing waters related to the Mammoth Hot Springs and the other for the sinter-depositing Norris Geyser Basin springs. The Mammoth Hot Springs water is a mixture of the primary hydrothermal fluid with meteoric waters flowing through the Madison Limestone, as shown by the systematic decrease of the (228Ra/22eRa) activity ratio proceeding northward. The Norris Geyser Basin springs are mixtures of primary hydrothermal water with different amounts of cold meteoric water with no modification of the primary hydrothermal (228Ra/226Ra) activity ratio. Using a solution and recoil model for radium isotope supply to the primary hydrothermal water, a mean water-rock reaction time prior to expansion at 350 °C and supply to the surface is 540 years assuming that 250 g of water are involved in the release of the radium from one gram of rock. The maximum reaction time allowed by our model is 1150 years.

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Section: ~6(2z2rn)+(2z~)*s](l_e-~6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time scale of hydrothermal water-rock reactions in Yellowstone National Park based on radium isotopes and radon

Clark

Turekian

1990

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…The compositions of water samples collected using a downhole sampler from the Y-8 well were reported by Fournier (1981), Sturchio et al (1986), and Sturchio et al (1989). Composite values derived from these published analyses are presented in Table 2.…”

Section: Y-8 Water Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Detailed mineralogical descriptions of Y-8 core samples were presented by Keith et al (1978) and Sturchio et al (1986). Dobson et al (2003) characterized the permeability and porosity of Y-8 core samples and their relation to primary lithology and extent of hydrothermal alteration.…”

Section: Observed Water-rock Interaction In Y-8 Core Holementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For comparison and use in the modeling effort, a non-thermal groundwater composition from a rhyolitic terrain (Taupo volcanic zone) is also presented. Data for Y-8 water from Fournier (1981), Sturchio et al (1986), and Sturchio et al (1989). Data for cold groundwater from Timperley (1983).…”

Section: Y-8 Water Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solubility constant of the glass was calculated using a modified version of the Techer et al (2001) method (Salah et al, in prep. ) and microprobe analyses of unaltered glass from the Biscuit Basin rhyolite (Sturchio et al, 1986).…”

Section: Preliminary Modeling Of Water-rock Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of water–rock interaction in the Yellowstone geothermal system using TOUGHREACT

et al. 2004

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The Yellowstone geothermal system provides an ideal opportunity to test the ability of reactive transport models to accurately simulate water-rock interaction. Previous studies of the Yellowstone geothermal system have characterized water-rock interaction through analysis of rocks and fluids obtained from both surface and downhole samples. Fluid chemistry, rock mineralogy, permeability, porosity, and thermal data obtained from the Y-8 borehole in Upper Geyser Basin were used to constrain a series of reactive transport simulations of the Yellowstone geothermal system using TOUGHREACT. Three distinct stratigraphic units were encountered in the 153.4 m deep Y-8 drill core: volcaniclastic sandstone, perlitic rhyolitic lava, and nonwelded pumiceous tuff. The main alteration phases identified in the Y-8 core samples include clay minerals, zeolites, silica polymorphs, adularia, and calcite. Temperatures observed in the Y-8 borehole increase with depth from sub-boiling conditions at the surface to a maximum of 169.8°C at a depth of 104.1 m, with near-isothermal conditions persisting down to the well bottom. 1-D models of the Y-8 core hole were constructed to determine if TOUGHREACT could accurately predict the observed alteration mineral assemblage given the initial rock mineralogy and observed fluid chemistry and temperatures. Preliminary simulations involving the perlitic rhyolitic lava unit are consistent with the observed alteration of rhyolitic glass to form celadonite.

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Mineralogical and geochemical changes due to hydrothermal alteration of the volcanic rocks at Acoculco geothermal system, Mexico

et al. 2020

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Most of the volcanic rocks in the Acoculco geothermal system (AGS), near to the surface manifestations, are intensively altered. Thirty‐four surface volcanic rocks and five rocks from outcrop sections are considered in this work. Silica polymorphs (quartz, cristobalite and tridymite) are the dominant hydrothermal minerals in almost all the rock samples. The following other minerals are present in minor concentrations: alkali‐feldspars (sanidine potassic, anorthoclase and microcline), plagioclase feldspars (albite and anorthite), clay minerals (illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite), anhydrite, buddingtonite, titanoaugite, magnetite and anatase. This type of mineral assemblage of the rocks indicates an intensive silicic and argillic alteration. Comparison of the elemental concentrations of the surface acid rocks of the AGS with that of the precursor rock has indicated alteration‐induced changes in (a) chemical mobility in the concentrations of major element oxides, with an increase in the concentrations of SiO2, and TiO2, loss in those of Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O and K2O, and no statistically significant changes in those of P2O5, (b) no significant changes in the concentrations of LREE and MREE (except Dy and Ho), however, less but significant loss in the concentrations of Dy and Ho, and HREE, and (c) there is an enrichment in the concentrations of Nd, Sr, Sc, V, Nb, Ag, Sn, Pb, Tl, Ta, U and Th; and depletion in Be, Co, Zn, Ga, Ge, Rb, Y, Zr, Mo, Cs, Ba and Hf compared to those of the precursor rock. This type of distribution of the elements may indicate (a) an intense silicic alteration; and (b) REEs might have been leached from the original rocks because of hydrothermal alteration processes, but only LREEs, and MREEs (except Dy and Ho) can be redistributed and accommodated in the hydrothermal minerals, providing them with somewhat inert (immobile) behaviour. The mass change calculations have indicated that MnO and Sr have experienced the greatest and smallest mass changes, respectively. The identification of outliers in chemical data has revealed the presence of two distinctive groups of rocks. Ten out of the total 27 acid volcanic rocks with several elements as outlier data are negligibly to moderately altered (Group‐1), and the remaining 17 acid rocks without outlier data are intensively altered rocks (Group‐2).

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Element redistribution during hydrothermal alteration of rhyolite in an active geothermal system: Yellowstone drill cores Y-7 and Y-8

Cited by 69 publications

References 19 publications

Time scale of hydrothermal water-rock reactions in Yellowstone National Park based on radium isotopes and radon

Time scale of hydrothermal water-rock reactions in Yellowstone National Park based on radium isotopes and radon

Simulation of water–rock interaction in the Yellowstone geothermal system using TOUGHREACT

Mineralogical and geochemical changes due to hydrothermal alteration of the volcanic rocks at Acoculco geothermal system, Mexico

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