Elemental Composition of Ambient Fine Particles in Urban Schools: Sources of Children’s Exposure

Crilley, Leigh R.; Ayoko, Godwin A.; Stelcer, Eduard; Cohen, David D.; Mazaheri, Mandana; Morawska, Lidia

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2014.04.0077

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Data summarized in Figure 5 show the comparison of trace metal concentrations in 1996 and in recent years (from 2010 to 2017) in four cities, including Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, that are either specific source indicators or trace elements with serious impact on human health (106)(107)(108)(109).…”

Section: Trace Metal Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in ambient air pollution levels and PM2.5 chemical compositions in four Chinese cities from 1995 to 2017

Yin¹,

Huang²,

He³

et al. 2020

J Thorac Dis

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An in-depth analysis of the specific evolution of air pollution in a given city can provide a better understanding of the chronic effects of air pollution on human health. In this study, we reported trends in ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants [sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 )] from 1995 to 2017 and PM 2.5 composition for the period of 2000-2017 in Guangzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, and Lanzhou. We provided socio-economic indicators to help explain the pollution trends. SO 2 and PM (including PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) concentrations showed a downward trend in recent years with the most notable reduction in SO 2 in Chongqing and PM 2.5 in Guangzhou. There was an overall flat trend for NO 2 , while O 3 showed an upward trend in recent years except in Lanzhou. The majority of PM 2.5 mass was SO 4 2− (6.0-30 μg/m 3 ) and organic carbon (6.0-38 μg/m 3 ), followed by NO 3 − (2.0-12 μg/m 3 ), elemental carbon (2.1-12 μg/m 3 ), NH 4 + (1.0-10 μg/m 3 ), K + (0.2-2.0 μg/m 3 ), and Cl − (0.2-1.9 μg/m 3 ). Exceptfor secondary inorganic aerosols in Wuhan, annual average concentrations of all PM 2.5 constituents showed a declining trend after 2013, corresponding to the trend of PM 2.5 . The secondary sources in PM 2.5 were found to be most prominent in Wuhan, while the most abundant EC and Cl − in Lanzhou was attributed to the use of coal. Despite temporal and spatial variabilities across the four cities, coal combustion, traffic emissions, and secondary pollution have been the major sources of PM 2.5 pollution. These trends in ambient air pollution levels and PM 2.5 composition may help understand changes in health outcomes measured at different times within the time period of 1995-2017 in the four cities.

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Section: Trace Metal Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in ambient air pollution levels and PM2.5 chemical compositions in four Chinese cities from 1995 to 2017

Yin¹,

Huang²,

He³

et al. 2020

J Thorac Dis

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show abstract

“…Since PM 2.5 in ambient air is a broadly recognized environmental and public health issue, it has received considerable attention worldwide and is currently regulated in most industrialized countries (WHO 2005). Numerous studies on PM 2.5 and its toxic element constituents were conducted in many countries (Toledoet al 2008;Crilley et al 2014;Morishita et al 2011;Cristaldi et al 2013). China is the world's largest emitter of atmospheric PM 2.5 , and the government has been increasingly taking actions to reduce emissions (Li et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization and sources of PM2.5 at 12-h resolution in Guiyang, China

et al. 2017

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The increasing emission of primary and gaseous precursors of secondarily formed atmospheric particulate matter due to continuing industrial development and urbanization are leading to an increased public awareness of environmental issues and human health risks in China. As part of a pilot study, 12-hr integrated fine fraction particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) filter samples were collected to chemically characterize and investigate the sources of ambient particulate matter in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Results showed that the 12-hr integrated PM 2.5 concentrations exhibited a daytime average of 51 ± 22μg•m −3 (mean ± standard deviation) with a range of 17-128μg•m −3 and a nighttime average of 55 ± 32μg•m −33 with a range of 4-186 μg•m −3 . The 24-hr integrated PM 2.5 concentrations varied from 15 to 157 μg•m-3, with a mean value of 53 ± 25 μg•m −3 , which exceeded the 24-hr PM 2.5 standard of 35μg•m −3 set by USEPA, but was below the standard of 75μg•m −3 , set by China Ministry of Environmental Protection. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was applied to determine PM 2.5 chemical element concentrations. The order of concentrations of heavy metals in PM 2.5 were iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > manganese (Mn) > lead (Pb) > arsenic (As) > chromium (Cr). The total concentration of 18 chemical elements was 13 ± 2 μg•m −3 , accounting for 25% in PM 2.5 , which is comparable to other major cities in China, but much higher than cities outside of China.

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“…Most studies in the literature (Yamazaki et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2013;Hosseinibalam and Hejazi, 2012;Xiao et al, 2013, Sarasamma andNarayana, 2014;Wang et al, 2012;Manousakas et al, 2013;Crilley et al, 2014; Abu-Allaban and Abu-Qudais, 2011) reported weather conditions from India, USA, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Australia, Greece, Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Reports from this part of the world are scarce and this informed the reason for embarking on this research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Meteorological Conditions in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Abulude¹,

Ndamitso²,

Iyaka³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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An assessment of meteorological conditions in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria was carried out at observatory unit of Federal University of Technology, Akure. The observation was made for a period of six months. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the rainfall ranged from 0 (No rainfall) to 11.60mm, the speed (m/s) ranged as follows: 0.26, 0.28, 1.09, 1.41, 0.26 and 0.41 (July, August, September, October, November and December respectively), the temperature recorded for the months were high mostly > 25oC and the relative humidity in all the months ranged from 51.78 to 91.24% with low standard deviations. Statistically, most of the parameters were negatively correlated. From the results obtained for rainfall, temperature and relative humidity, it could be deduced that in the periods of study there was scanty rainfall. This could have serious effects on farm produce and human health.

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Elemental Composition of Ambient Fine Particles in Urban Schools: Sources of Children’s Exposure

Cited by 18 publications

References 53 publications

Trends in ambient air pollution levels and PM2.5 chemical compositions in four Chinese cities from 1995 to 2017

Trends in ambient air pollution levels and PM2.5 chemical compositions in four Chinese cities from 1995 to 2017

Chemical characterization and sources of PM2.5 at 12-h resolution in Guiyang, China

An Assessment of Meteorological Conditions in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

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