Elements in Marginal Seals at Amalgam-Tooth Interfaces

Grossman, E. S.; Witcomb, M. J.; Jodaikin, A.

doi:10.1177/00220345860650072001

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In some earlier studies also Hg and Ag have been detected, but these findings might be attributed to methodological imperfections producing interferences by the composition of structures adjacent or underlying the products in the shallow gap. Grossman et al 32 and Witcomb et al 33 tried to overcome this problem by the use of a replica extraction technique for studying the composition of the marginal seal. Also Ca and P have been detected in considerable amounts in marginal gap deposits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,32 Cu was detected in marginal seals of high and medium copper amalgams, but also in some seals of low-copper amalgams. 32 Sutow et al 35 identified SnO, Sn 4 (OH) 6 Cl and Cu 2 O in conventional amalgam interfaces, and in high-Cu amalgams they found CuCl and Cu 2 O. Also Ca and P have been detected as a component of marginal seals in some studies.…”

Section: Composition Of Marginal Sealmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In these studies. 20,24,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Sn was consistently found in marginal gaps. In a number of these studies Zn was also identified.…”

Section: Composition Of Marginal Sealmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to prevent interaction of underlying or adjacent structures with the measurements, Grossman et al 32 and Witcomb et al 33 used a replica extraction technique on marginal seal products. Except the already mentioned elements, they also measured smaller amounts of Cu, Ag, P, Cl, S and traces of Fe, K, Al.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Penetration of amalgam constituents into dentine

Scholtanus

Özcan

Huysmans

2009

Journal of Dentistry

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OBJECTIVES: Amalgam restorations are replaced by adhesively placed composite resin restorations at an increasing rate. After the removal of amalgam dentine often shows marked dark discoloration that is attributed to the penetration of corrosion products from overlying amalgams. It is questioned whether penetration of metals into dentine affects the dentine as a substrate for adhesive procedures. This study has been performed to clarify the origin of dark discoloration of dentine by metals from amalgam with special regards to corrosion products. METHODS: A review of the literature has been performed using Medline database. As keywords dentine and amalgam, subsequently combined with penetration, interface, crevice, interaction, corrosion, were used. This was followed up by extensive hand search using reference lists of relevant articles. RESULTS: Data in the literature have been gathered from extracted amalgam filled teeth and from artificially aged amalgam filled teeth. Corrosion studies have been performed in vivo aged teeth as well as in vitro. Sn is the main element, followed by Zn and Cu, that is consistently found in dentine underneath amalgam, as well as in amalgam corrosion products and in marginal seal deposits. Penetration of elements from amalgam has only been observed in discolored and in demineralised dentine. CONCLUSIONS: Darkly discolored dentine as found underneath amalgam restorations contains amalgam corrosion products and is demineralised. Therefore it must be considered a different substrate for clinical procedures than sound dentine. Penetration of Amalgam Constituents into Dentin ABSTRACTObjective: Amalgam restorations are replaced by adhesively placed composite resin restorations at an increasing rate. After removal of amalgam, dentin often shows marked dark discoloration that is attributed to penetration of corrosion products from overlying amalgams. It is questioned if penetration of metals into dentin effects the dentin as a substrate for adhesive procedures. This study has been performed to clarify the origin of dark discoloration of dentin by metals from amalgam with special regards to corrosion products. Methods:A review of the literature has been performed using Medline database. As keywords dentin and amalgam, subsequently combined with penetration, interface, crevice, interaction, 2 corrosion, were used. This was followed up by extensive hand search using reference lists of relevant articles.Results: Data in the literature have been gathered from extracted amalgam filled teeth and from artificially aged amalgam filled teeth. Corrosion studies have been performed in vivo aged teeth as well as in vitro. Sn is the main element, followed by Zn and Cu, that is consistently found in dentin underneath amalgam, as well as in amalgam corrosion products and in marginal seal deposits. Penetration of elements from amalgam has only been observed in discoloured and in demineralised dentin. Conclusions:Darkly discoloured dentin as found underneath amalgam restorations contains amalgam cor...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composition Of Marginal Sealmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In these studies. 20,24,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Sn was consistently found in marginal gaps. In a number of these studies Zn was also identified.…”

Section: Composition Of Marginal Sealmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penetration of amalgam constituents into dentine

Scholtanus

Özcan

Huysmans

2009

Journal of Dentistry

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“…50 Freshly placed amalgam is said to undergo active corrosion at the interface between the tooth and the restoration over time from microleakage of electrolytes along the interfacial gap. Corrosion products, especially tin products (SnO 2 , SnCl 2 , and Sn(OH) 2 Cl) and smaller amounts of calcium and phosphorus, 51 will build up over time and gradually seal the interface. 52,53 Corrosion products have also been shown to reduce microleakage.…”

Section: Microleakagementioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Amalgam Bonded Restorations: In vitro and Clinical Findings

Brian

Lam

Jagannathan

et al. 2018

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: This article aims to systematically review the evidence reporting on physical properties of bonded amalgam, its clinical performance, and implications.Materials and methods: An electronic search in "Medline" (search term: Amalgam and Dentin bonding) from 1987 to 2013 yielded 465 publications out of which 170 articles were selected for the analysis. Data were extracted relating to the bond strength of amalgam to dentin, microleakage, postopera tive sensitivity, and longevity of bonded amalgam restorations.Results: A total of 129 in vitro studies out of 170 articles showed high bond strengths with filled adhesive resins and light-cured adhesives, in particular Amalgambond plus and Optibond adhe sives. Thickness of bonding agent, type of alloy, and thermo cycling showed inconclusive outcomes between bonded and nonbonded amalgam restorations. Majority of studies reported reduced microleakage when dentin bonding agents and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RM-GICs) were used with amalgam. However, water stored, thermocycled, and spheri cal amalgam alloys resulted in higher microleakage. While bonded amalgam facilitated the retention of large restorations, reduction in postoperative sensitivity was not consistently observed between bonded and nonbonded amalgam restorations. Conclusion:While bonded amalgam restorations reduce the need for mechanical retention conserving tooth structure and reducing the adverse effects of microleakage, there is lack of consistent evidence across all outcome domains to advocate the benefit of bonding of all amalgam restorations. Despite this, it can be considered the material of choice for large restorations and bonding enhances retention in vitro which can be considered beneficial clinically.

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The use of extraction replicas in scanning electron microscopy for the elemental analysis of marginal seals

Witcomb

Jodaikin

Grossman

1987

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Elemental analysis of marginal seal material on 20 bulk samples of occlusally restored teeth have shown that, generally, more elements were detected in the seal material analyzed on the bulk restoration or fractured tooth surfaces than when such material was extracted using a nitrocellulose replica prior to analysis. No mercury was detected in any of the extracted seal material and only three of the replica specimens contained silver. This implies that the technique of using extraction replicas to remove material from the amalgam-tooth interface for subsequent x-ray microanalysis can provide an accurate elemental composition. The details of fabrication and the advantages of using high resolution nitrocellulose replicas for extracting marginal seal material from teeth for subsequent x-ray microanalysis are described.

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Elements in Marginal Seals at Amalgam-Tooth Interfaces

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Penetration of amalgam constituents into dentine

Penetration of amalgam constituents into dentine

A Systematic Review of Amalgam Bonded Restorations: In vitro and Clinical Findings

The use of extraction replicas in scanning electron microscopy for the elemental analysis of marginal seals

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