Elements in rice on the Swedish market: Part 2. Chromium, copper, iron, manganese, platinum, rubidium, selenium and zinc

Jorhem, Lars; Åstrand, Christina; Sundström, Birgitta; Baxter, M; Stokes, P. M.; Lewis, John; Grawé, Kierstin Petersson

doi:10.1080/02652030701701058

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Since Zn also has nutritional value, its presence in certain products may be considered beneficial in some circumstances. Overall, the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn found from the rice in this study were consistent with a recent ICP-MS analysis of rice sold in Sweden (Jorhem et al, 2008b). It should be noted that the degree of correlation between XRF amplitude and ICP-MS concentration observed in this study is affected somewhat by the fact that the two measurements are assessing slightly different material volumes each time a sample comparison is made.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Portable x-ray fluorescence for assessing trace elements in rice and rice products: Comparison with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Fleming

Foran

Kim

et al. 2015

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Portable x-ray fluorescence for assessing trace elements in rice and rice products: Comparison with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Fleming

Foran

Kim

et al. 2015

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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“…The Cr levels in 49 rice samples sold on the Swedish market ranged between <0.003 and 0.033 mg/kg (average 0.008 mg/kg) with no significant difference between brown and white rice (Jorhem et al, 2008).…”

Section: Total Chromium In Foodmentioning

confidence: 95%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

2014

EFS2

101

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EFSA received a request from the Hellenic Food Authority for a scientific opinion on estimation of the risk to human health from the presence of chromium (Cr) in food, particularly in vegetables, and Cr(VI) in bottled water. The CONTAM Panel derived a TDI of 0.3 mg/kg b.w. per day for Cr(III) from the lowest NOAEL identified in an NTP chronic oral toxicity study in rats. Under the assumption that all chromium in food is Cr(III), the mean and 95th percentile dietary exposure across all age groups were well below the TDI and therefore does not raise concerns for public health. In the case of drinking water, the Panel considered all chromium in water as Cr(VI). For non‐neoplastic effects the lowest BMDL10 for diffuse epithelial hyperplasia of duodenum in female mice and the lowest BMDL05 for haematotoxicity in male rats in a 2‐year NTP study were selected as reference points. The MOEs indicate that for non‐neoplastic effects the current exposure levels to Cr(VI) via drinking water are of no concern for public health. For neoplastic effects, the CONTAM Panel selected a lowest BMDL10 for combined adenomas and carcinomas of the mouse small intestine as the reference point. Overall, the calculated MOEs indicate low concern regarding Cr(VI) intake via drinking water (water intended for human consumption and natural mineral waters) for all age groups when considering the mean chronic exposure values with the exception of infants at the upper bound (UB) exposure estimates. MOEs below 10 000 were calculated at the UB 95th percentile exposure estimates, particularly for ‘Infants’, ‘Toddlers’ and ‘Other children’, which were highly influenced by the relatively high occurrence values under the UB assumption. To improve the risk assessment, there is a need for data on the content of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in food and drinking water.

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“…1.3% Cu, 1.6% Mn, 0.8% Fe, and 2.3% Zn (Table 5 ). In the diets of Swedish people, the share of rice in covering the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) of microelements is 4.1% Cu, 0.6% Fe, 2.4% Mn, and 3.2% Zn (given the average intake of 11 g per day) [ 64 ]. In populations where rice is the basic food, the share of this cereal grain in covering the requirement of minerals is higher.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake and Content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in Selected Cereal Products Marketed in Poland

Winiarska-Mieczan

Kowalczuk-Vasilev

Kwiatkowska

et al. 2018

Biol Trace Elem Res

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This paper aims to verify whether cereal products are a good source of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in the diets of Poles. The study material comprised of 445 cereal products including baked goods, breakfast cereals and groats, pasta, and rice. Products that required culinary treatment (pasta, groats, rice) were boiled in drinking quality water as recommended by the producer. The content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn was determined by using the FAAS method. The average content of microelements in the analyzed products can be represented as Fe (17.9 mg kg ± 10.3) > Zn (12.4 mg kg ± 5.2) > Mn (9.6 mg kg ± 6.7) > Cu (3.9 mg kg ± 2.9). Considering the daily requirement of the analyzed minerals among adult Poles, it was determined that cereal products supply 58% RDA Cu, 61% AI Mn (men)-78% AI Mn (women), 19% RDA Fe (women)-34% RDA Fe (men), and 16% RDA Zn (men)-22% RDA Fe (women). Baked goods account for as much as about 90% of all Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn consumed as cereal products in a daily diet. Based on the results, it can be concluded that cereal products are the main source of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in the diets of Poles. In connection with low assimilability of minerals, they should not be considered the fundamental source of those microelements in the diets of Poles.

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Elements in rice on the Swedish market: Part 2. Chromium, copper, iron, manganese, platinum, rubidium, selenium and zinc

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Portable x-ray fluorescence for assessing trace elements in rice and rice products: Comparison with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Portable x-ray fluorescence for assessing trace elements in rice and rice products: Comparison with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water

Dietary Intake and Content of Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in Selected Cereal Products Marketed in Poland

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