Elevated expression of PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene with cell growth-promoting function, is associated with high-risk prostate cancer patients

Abstract

PCGEM1 is a novel, highly prostate tissue-specific, androgen-regulated gene. Here, we demonstrate that PCGEM1 expression is significantly higher in prostate cancer (CaP) cells of African-American men than in Caucasian-American men (P ¼ 0.0002). Further, increased PCGEM1 expression associates with normal prostate epithelial cells of CaP patients with a family history of CaP (P ¼ 0.0400). PCGEM1 overexpression in LNCaP and in NIH3T3 cells promotes cell proliferation and a dramatic increase in colony formation, suggesting a biological role of PCGEM1 in cell growth regulation. Taken together, the cell proliferation/colony formationpromoting functions of PCGEM1 and the association of its increased expression with high-risk CaP patients suggest the potential roles of PCGEM1 in CaP onset/ progression, especially in these high-risk groups.

Elevated osteonectin/SPARC expression in primary prostate cancer predicts metastatic progression

“…6 Total RNA was isolated from the tissue laser capture micro-dissected samples with the Micro-RNA kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) and quantified using RiboGreen dye (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) and VersaFluor fluorimeter (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA). 6,26 RNA amplification (Ribo AMP version C, Arcturus, Mountain View, CA, USA) and GeneChip (HG U133 Plus 2.0, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) analysis was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

“…Quantitative gene expression analysis was performed by TaqMan-based QRT-PCR on ABI 7700 (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) as described. 6,26 The expression of GAPDH was simultaneously analyzed as endogenous control, and the targetgene expression in each sample was normalized to GAPDH. Results were plotted as average DCT (delta threshold cycle) values of duplicate samples, where DCT means normalized CT value of the target gene SPARC to GAPDH.…”

Linc00963: A novel, long non-coding RNA involved in the transition of prostate cancer from androgen-dependence to androgen-independence

“…Emerging evidence indicates that LncRNAs which are RNA specis >200 bp in length (9) and frequently polyadenylated (10), are involved in physiological aspects of cell-type determination and tissue homeostasis (11), and in cancer lncRNAs are known to play important roles in carcinogenesis and tumor progression (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). One of the overexpressed lncRNAs in prostate cancer, PCGEM1, is tissue specific and PCa-associated lncRNA gene (15), whereas another highly expressed lncRNA, PRNCR1 (PCAT8), is pervasively transcribed from the critical region of 8q24 Region 2, which is significantly associated with PCa susceptibility (17).…”

“…One of the overexpressed lncRNAs in prostate cancer, PCGEM1, is tissue specific and PCa-associated lncRNA gene (15), whereas another highly expressed lncRNA, PRNCR1 (PCAT8), is pervasively transcribed from the critical region of 8q24 Region 2, which is significantly associated with PCa susceptibility (17). Previous studies also demonstrated that a novel long non-coding RNA (named PlncRNA-1) was frequently overexpressed in PCa cell lines and tissues and associated with cell viability and cell apoptosis (18).…”

The long non-coding RNAs, a new cancer diagnostic and therapeutic gold mine

“…HULC, for example, is highly expressed in HCC and in colorectal carcinomas that metastasized to the liver, 96,105 but not in the primary colon tumors or in non-liver metastases, whereas other three lncRNAs, PCGEM1, DD3 and PRNCR1, have been associated solely with prostate cancer. 102,[106][107][108][109] Another tissue-specific lncRNA is papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility candidate 3 (PTCSC3), which is thyroid specific and downregulated in tumor tissue compared with unaffected thyroid tissue. 110 A key goal for future progress is to identify lncRNAs that could potentially serve as biomarkers for specific disease states.…”