Elevated plasma phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> and platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in colorectal cancer

Denizot, Yves; Truffinet, Véronique; Bouvier, Stéphane; Gainant, A; Cubertafond, P; Mathonnet, Muriel

doi:10.1080/09629350410001664824

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In colon cancer patients' blood, levels of both PAF-AH and PLA 2 were found to be elevated as compared to those in healthy individuals, while no difference was found in PAF levels in the plasma [96]. Intriguingly, while PAF levels were lower in tumor tissues of colon cancer patients Dukes' stage C than those of Dukes' A and B, a remarkable increase in PAF levels was observed in colon cancer liver metastases [96][97][98].…”

Section: The Role Of Paf In Various Cancersmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…A complex approach involving simultaneous detection of PAF, PAF precursor lyso-PAF, PAFR, PAF-AH and PLA 2 transcripts was used to examine the role of this pathway in the progression of tumors of different origins [96][97][98][99][100][101][102]. In colon cancer patients' blood, levels of both PAF-AH and PLA 2 were found to be elevated as compared to those in healthy individuals, while no difference was found in PAF levels in the plasma [96].…”

Section: The Role Of Paf In Various Cancersmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Inflammation and melanoma growth and metastasis: The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its receptor

Melnikova

Bar‐Eli

2007

Cancer Metastasis Rev

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An inflammatory tumor microenvironment fosters tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastatic progression. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an inflammatory biolipid produced from membrane glycerophospholipids. Through the activity of its G-protein coupled receptor, PAF triggers a variety of pathological reactions including tumor neo-angiogenesis. Several groups have demonstrated that inhibiting PAF-PAF receptor pathway at the level of a ligand or receptor results in an effective inhibition of experimental tumor growth and metastasis. In particular, our group has recently demonstrated that PAF receptor antagonists can effectively inhibit the metastatic potential of human melanoma cells in nude mice. Furthermore, we showed that PAF stimulated the phosphorylation of CREB and ATF-1 in metastatic melanoma cells, which resulted in overexpression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP. Our data indicate that PAF acts as a promoter of melanoma metastasis in vivo. Since only metastatic melanoma cells overexpress CREB/ATF-1, we propose that these cells are better equipped to respond to PAF within the tumor microenvironment when compared to their non-metastatic counterparts.

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Section: The Role Of Paf In Various Cancersmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: The Role Of Paf In Various Cancersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Inflammation and melanoma growth and metastasis: The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its receptor

Melnikova

Bar‐Eli

2007

Cancer Metastasis Rev

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“…PAF-levels in blood of colorectal cancer patients have been found to be similar to those of healthy subjects [85]. In these patients the activities of the PAFbiosynthetic enzyme PLA 2 and its basic degrading enzyme PAF-AH were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals.…”

Section: Effect On Paf-metabolism; a New Approach?mentioning

confidence: 93%

The Implication of Platelet Activating Factor in Cancer Growth and Metastasis: Potent Beneficial Role of PAF-Inhibitors and Antioxidants

Τσούπρας¹,

Iatrou

Frangia

et al. 2009

IDDT

145

169

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Europe and United States. New blood vessel formation penetrating into solid tumors seems to be required for their growth and metastasis. Several protein growth factors can induce endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, through signal transduction cascades that result in the production of several inflammatory mediators and lipid second messengers such as prostaglandins and Platelet Activating Factor (PAF). PAF is a potent mediator of inflammation that is implicated in several inflammatory pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and renal diseases, allergy, AIDS, cancer etc. It exerts its biological activities through G-protein-coupled receptors. The presence of PAF in the microenvironment of tumors may be due to its synthesis from circulating and / or cancer cells. Moreover, cancer cells and activated endothelial cells expose PAF-receptor on their membrane surface. PAF binding on its receptor induces several pathways that result in the onset and development of tumor induced angiogenesis and metastasis. PAF-receptor antagonists have exhibited promising results in vitro and in vivo as anti-angiogenic molecules in several cancer cells and tumors. A dietary profile reach in antioxidants and PAF-inhibitors (such as the Mediterranean Diet) may provide beneficial preventive and protective effects against development, growth and metastatic manifestations of cancer cells, through either their inhibition of PAF activity and / or its biosynthesis. The clarification of factors that may down regulate pathologically increased PAF-levels in a tumor microenvironment may also contribute to the planning of a potent nontoxic preventive and therapeutic approach against cancer.

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“…Identification of PAF was based on the stringent functional and biophysical criteria detailed above. It is unlikely that circulating blood accounted for the amount of PAF found in the thyroid since: (i) tissue samples were extensively rinsed before being frozen; (ii) the mean amount of bioactive PAF found in blood was 10 pg/ml (27,28), as compared with the 3 pg/mg found in thyroid tissue; (iii) similar amounts of PAF were found in tissue samples from lung and colon (21,23); and (iv) stimulated FRTL5 cells (a normal rat thyroid cell line) produced PAF in the presence of the lyso-PAF precursor (29). The presence of the lyso-PAF precursor is consistent with the presence of a PLA 2 activity in the thyroid gland; PLA 2 mRNA Figure 3 Investigation of AHA (A) and PLA 2 activity (B) in diseased ('ill') thyroid tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet-activating factor and human thyroid cancer

Denizot¹,

Chianea²,

Labrousse³

et al. 2005

eur j endocrinol

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Objective: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic lipid mediator involved in several types of cancer in humans. The levels of PAF, lyso-PAF (the PAF precursor), phospholipase A 2 activity (PLA 2 , the enzymatic activity implicated in lyso-PAF formation) and acetylhydrolase activity (AHA, the PAF-degrading enzyme) were investigated in various diseased thyroid tissues. Subjects: Control and diseased tissue of patients with a hyperplastic goitre (n ¼ 14), a benign adenoma (n ¼ 12) and a papillary thyroid carcinoma (n ¼ 15) were investigated. Results: PAF receptor transcripts were found in the human thyroid tissue. PAF, lyso-PAF, PLA 2 and AHA were present in control thyroid tissues, their levels being significantly correlated with each other, suggesting tiny regulations of the PAF metabolic pathways inside the thyroid gland. PAF, lyso-PAF, PLA 2 and AHA levels remained unchanged in diseased tissues of patients with a hyperplastic goitre, a benign adenoma and a papillary thyroid carcinoma. No difference was found between PAF, lyso-PAF, PLA 2 and AHA levels with respect to the TNM tumour status and the histological subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma. No correlation was found between tissue PAF levels and those of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, two angiogenic growth factors involved in thyroid cancer and that mediate their effect through PAF release in breast and colorectal cancer. Conclusion: PAF, PAF receptor transcripts and the enzymatic activities implicated in PAF production and degradation are present in the thyroid gland. While the physiological role of PAF is presently unknown in thyroid physiology, this study highlights no evidence for a potentially important role of PAF during human thyroid cancer, a result that markedly differs from breast and colorectal ones.European Journal of Endocrinology 153 31-40

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Elevated plasma phospholipase A₂ and platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in colorectal cancer

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Inflammation and melanoma growth and metastasis: The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its receptor

Inflammation and melanoma growth and metastasis: The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its receptor

The Implication of Platelet Activating Factor in Cancer Growth and Metastasis: Potent Beneficial Role of PAF-Inhibitors and Antioxidants

Platelet-activating factor and human thyroid cancer

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Elevated plasma phospholipase A2 and platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in colorectal cancer

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Inflammation and melanoma growth and metastasis: The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its receptor

Inflammation and melanoma growth and metastasis: The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its receptor

The Implication of Platelet Activating Factor in Cancer Growth and Metastasis: Potent Beneficial Role of PAF-Inhibitors and Antioxidants

Platelet-activating factor and human thyroid cancer

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Elevated plasma phospholipase A₂ and platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in colorectal cancer