Elevated Serum Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr Levels and DNA Damage in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Teenage Scavengers at a Major Electronic Waste Dumpsite in Lagos, Nigeria

Alabi, Okunola A.; Adeoluwa, Yetunde M; Bakare, Adekunle A.

doi:10.1007/s12011-019-01745-z

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our study shows that lead levels (B-Pb and U-Pb) were signi cantly higher in e-waste workers compared to the controls. Our nding is consistent with other biomonitoring studies among e-waste workers at Agbogbloshie (Wittsiepe et al, 2017) and teenage e-waste scavengers in Nigeria (Alabi et al, 2019),…”

Section: Relationship Between Line1 Methylation and Blood And Urine Lsupporting

confidence: 92%

LINE1 Methylation is Associated With Lead Exposure and Certain Job-Tasks Performed by Electronic Waste Workers

Issah

Arko‐Mensah

Rozek

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Electronic waste recycling processes such as dismantling with rudimentary tools and open-air burning result in the release of several toxic chemicals into the environment. Exposure to these toxic chemical mixtures has been associated with many adverse health outcomes affecting respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and reproductive systems. DNA methylation has been associated with exposure to toxic chemicals, including heavy metals in several epidemiological studies. DNA methylation profile due to exposure to toxic chemicals among e-waste recyclers has not been studied.Objective: This study assessed the associations between blood and urine levels of heavy metals; cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) and methylation levels of the LINE1 gene among e-waste and control populations in Ghana.Methods: The study enrolled 100 male e-waste workers and 51 all-male non e-waste workers or controls. Body burden of Cd, Pb and As was measured in blood and urine using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, while LINE1 methylation levels were assessed by pyrosequencing of bisulfite-converted DNA extracted from whole blood.Results: There was no significant difference in LINE1 methylation between the e-waste and the non e-waste workers (85.16% ±1.32 vs 85.17% ±1.11, p = 0.950). However, CpG1 showed significantly lower mean methylation among controls, compared to e-waste workers (81.70% ±1.86 vs 82.48% ±2.20, p = 0.034). In linear regression models, blood lead (B-Pb) level was significantly inversely associated with overall LINE1 methylation (β = -0.004; 95%CI: -0.008, -0.0003; p = 0.034). Among e-waste recyclers, collectors showed significantly reduced LINE1 methylation levels (β = -0.889; 95%CI: -1.757, -0.021; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Continuous exposure to Pb may interfere with LINE1 methylation leading to epigenetic alteration, thus serve as an early epigenetic marker for future adverse health outcomes.

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Section: Relationship Between Line1 Methylation and Blood And Urine Lsupporting

confidence: 92%

LINE1 Methylation is Associated With Lead Exposure and Certain Job-Tasks Performed by Electronic Waste Workers

Issah

Arko‐Mensah

Rozek

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Stress Ghana [126] Physical injury Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, India [89,90,128] Excessive noise Ghana, China [130,131] Pregnancy-related issues China, Ghana [132][133][134][135][136] DNA damage China, Nigeria [137][138][139][140] Skin problems India, Brazil, Nigeria [89,90,127,129] Respiratory problems Ghana, India, Nigeria, China [89,90,113,141] Hearing problems Ghana, China, Nigeria, India [130,[142][143][144][145]…”

Section: Health Impact Country Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Waste, an Environmental Problem Exported to Developing Countries: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY

et al. 2021

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Electronic waste (e-waste) is a rapidly developing environmental problem particularly for the most developed countries. There are technological solutions for processing it, but these are costly, and the cheaper option for most developed countries has been to export most of the waste to less developed countries. There are various laws and policies for regulating the processing of e-waste at different governance scales such as the international Basel Convention, the regional Bamoko Convention, and various national laws. However, many of the regulations are not fully implemented and there is substantial financial pressure to maintain the jobs created for processing e-waste. Mexico, Brazil, Ghana Nigeria, India, and China have been selected for a more detailed study of the transboundary movements of e-waste. This includes a systematic review of existing literature, the application of the Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) framework for analysing complex problems associated with social ecological systems, and the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluating the environmental impact of electronic devices from their manufacture through to their final disposal. Japan, Italy, Switzerland, and Norway have been selected for the LCA to show how e-waste is diverted to developing countries, as there is not sufficient data available for the assessment from the selected developing countries. GOOD, BAD and UGLY outcomes have been identified from this study: the GOOD is the creation of jobs and the use of e-waste as a source of raw materials; the BAD is the exacerbation of the already poor environmental conditions in developing countries; the UGLY is the negative impact on the health of workers processing e-waste due to a wide range of toxic components in this waste. There are a number of management options that are available to reduce the impact of the BAD and the UGLY, such as adopting the concept of a circular economy, urban mining, reducing loopholes and improving existing policies and regulations, as well as reducing the disparity in income between the top and bottom of the management hierarchy for e-waste disposal. The overarching message is a request for developed countries to help developing countries in the fight against e-waste, rather than exporting their environmental problems to these poorer regions.

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“…E-waste is much more life-threatening than many other municipal wastes because electronic devices contain thousands of components manufactured from lethal chemicals and metals such as lead, cadmium, polyvinyl chlorides (PVCs), brominated flame retardants, beryllium, antimony, phthalates, chromium and mercury (Saoji, 2012). These wastes may have adverse effects on the environment and human health (Gaidajis et al, 2010;Alabi et al, 2020). Although these dangerous substances are usually only contained in small amounts, they cause serious environmental damage.…”

Section: Environment and Health Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of E-waste, its management practices and legislations in present Indian context

Rajput¹,

Rinki

Nigam³

2021

JANS

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E-waste coming out from the electronic sector of the entire world is harming the world's environment. There has been a pattern of a substantial increase in the production of E-waste worldwide. This is as a consequence of population increase, industrialization, urbanization and economic activity. Since the last decade, the rate of consumerism has been found to be very high due to higher economic growth, which has resulted in increased E-waste production. Almost all countries are recycling more and more E-waste, but a million tonnes of E-waste still coming out. Experts believe that the rise of E-waste is due to our rapidly changing lifestyles. We have started adopting new electronic devices coming into the market, trying to make life more convenient. In India, electronic waste is growing at 10% per annum. The trend of urbanization has played a significant role in the enhancement of E-waste generation. The population living in urban areas was 27.67% in 2000, 38.03% in 2018, and is expected to reach approximately 42% in 2025. As the population increases, the amount of E-waste will also rise to an alarming situation. This review paper provides the present scenario of E-waste and its management practices and legislation in the present Indian context. This would help all the stakeholders involved in the production of electrical equipment to gain better understanding of E-waste.

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Elevated Serum Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr Levels and DNA Damage in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Teenage Scavengers at a Major Electronic Waste Dumpsite in Lagos, Nigeria

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

LINE1 Methylation is Associated With Lead Exposure and Certain Job-Tasks Performed by Electronic Waste Workers

LINE1 Methylation is Associated With Lead Exposure and Certain Job-Tasks Performed by Electronic Waste Workers

Electronic Waste, an Environmental Problem Exported to Developing Countries: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY

An overview of E-waste, its management practices and legislations in present Indian context

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